用机器学习预测电机性能,速度比传统方法快上百倍。
Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Wound-Rotor Synchronous Motor Performance Prediction
- 对比8种模型,用深度学习预测电机扭矩和效率
- FT-Transformer模型准确率达R²=0.9928,0.33毫秒出结果
- 首次系统评估计算成本与精度权衡,适合电机设计优化
绕线转子同步电机(WRSM)成为无稀土依赖的替代方案,但其设计需同时优化大量几何与电磁参数,传统有限元分析计算成本高,限制了对大规模参数空间的快速探索。尽管已有基于机器学习的代理建模研究,但多数仅比较少数模型、忽略深度学习架构,且缺乏针对WRSM的全面基准。本研究系统比较了来自四类算法的八种机器学习与深度学习模型在预测WRSM转矩与效率方面的表现。基于3351个样本数据集(采用拉丁超立方采样生成于Motor-CAD仿真环境),每种模型使用10组随机种子训练,并通过Optuna进行超参数优化。不同于现有文献,本研究涵盖最新深度学习架构如FT Transformer,提出多种子可复现协议,并开展计算成本-精度权衡的帕累托分析。结果显示,神经网络模型整体优于树模型;其中FT-Transformer达到最高单模型精度(R²=0.9928),预测耗时仅0.33毫秒,相比FEA实现数量级加速。模型性能通过R²、MAE、RMSE、MAPE等多维度指标评估。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Wound rotor synchronous motors have emerged as a strong alternative that eliminates dependence on REEs. However, WRSM design requires the simultaneous optimization of numerous geometric and electromagnetic parameters, and the high computational cost of conventional finite element analysis severely limits the rapid exploration of the large parameter space. Although there are machine-learning-based surrogate modeling studies in the literature, they generally compare only a limited number of models, exclude deep learning architectures, and do not provide a comprehensive benchmark specific to WRSM. In this study, the performance of a total of eight machine learning and deep learning models from four different algorithmic families was systematically compared for the prediction of WRSM torque and motor efficiency. On a dataset of 3351 samples generated using Latin Hypercube Sampling in the Motor-CAD simulation environment, each model was trained with 10 different random seed values and tuned via Optuna hyperparameter optimization. Different from the existing literature, this study jointly offers a broad model spectrum including recent deep learning architectures such as FT Transformer, a multi-seed reproducibility protocol, and a Pareto analysis of the computational cost-accuracy trade-off. The results revealed that neural-network-based models systematically outperform tree-based models. The FT-Transformer model achieved the highest single-model accuracy with R^2 = 0.9928, producing predictions in 0.33 milliseconds and thus obtaining several orders of magnitude speedup compared to FEA. Model performances were evaluated in a multidimensional manner using R^2, MAE, RMSE, and MAPE metrics.
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