让放射科报告生成可调节精准率与召回率,更贴合临床需求。
Precision Recall Controllable Radiology Report Generation via Hybrid Natural Language and Clinical Reward Learning

- 用强化学习框架显式控制报告的精准率与召回率平衡。
- 在MIMIC-CXR数据集上同时提升语言质量和临床准确性。
- 适合需要灵活调整报告侧重的医疗AI研发与临床部署场景。
自动化放射科报告生成(RRG)因能减轻临床报告书写负担而受到关注。然而,现有方法主要优化语言流畅性等自然语言生成(NLG)指标,对精准率、召回率等临床关键因素缺乏控制,导致生成报告虽流畅却未必符合临床需求。为此,我们提出一种基于强化学习的精度-召回可控RRG框架,通过调节控制参数在推理阶段灵活平衡临床精准率与召回率。为保障临床正确性,引入临床奖励函数优化训练目标,显著提升临床有效性(CE)。同时采用组内相对训练策略,降低奖励方差,增强训练稳定性。在MIMIC-CXR数据集上的大量实验表明,本方法在NLG和CE评估指标上均优于现有最先进方法,且能可靠实现对临床有效性的精准-召回权衡控制。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automated radiology report generation (RRG) has gained increasing attention because it can reduce the heavy workload of clinical report writing. However, most existing methods mainly optimize for natural language generation (NLG) metrics that focus on language fluency, while providing little control over clinically important factors such as precision and recall. As consequence, generated reports may be fluent but not well aligned with different clinical needs. To address this challenge, we propose a reinforcement learning framework for precision recall controllable RRG, where a control parameter explicitly adjusts the trade-off between clinical precision and recall during inference. This design allows the model to flexibly generate reports according to different clinical requirements. To ensure clinical correctness, we introduce a clinical reward into the training objective, which helps improve clinical efficacy (CE) beyond standard language-based optimization. In addition, we apply a group-relative training strategy that normalizes rewards within each training group, reducing reward variance and improving training stability. Extensive experiments on the MIMIC-CXR dataset show that our method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in both NLG and CE evaluation metrics, while providing reliable control over the CE precision recall trade-off.
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