为多用户大模型代理设计安全治理框架,确保权限不被突破。
Harness-MU: A Safe, Governed, and Effective Harness for Multi-User LLM Agents

- 将安全控制从语言模型中剥离,通过执行钩子强制实施权限
- 在四类模型上实现隐私零泄露,效率提升0.28至0.39分
- 适合需要严格权限管控的多用户协作场景
大型语言模型代理在协同工作流中的广泛应用,亟需具备访问权限控制、权威冲突解决和防止数据泄露能力的多用户、多主体交互机制。然而,当前主流大模型基于单用户训练范式,难以应对多主体治理中的刚性约束,导致基于提示的概率化防护在多轮对抗交互下失效。本文提出首个与模型无关、无需调优的多用户大模型代理治理框架Harness-MU。通过将语言生成与安全编排解耦,Harness-MU在运行时强制执行权限边界,保障不可逾越的安全性,同时最大化合规需求满足度。在Muses-Bench基准上对四类前沿开源与专有模型测试,Harness-MU实现了所有访问控制攻击下的隐私保护,相比标准基线在效用得分上提升0.28–0.39,指令遵循准确率最高提升48.9个百分点。该工作推动了“框架工程”理念的发展,表明系统性基础设施是解决大模型多主体治理挑战的关键。代码与数据已公开于https://github.com/YuanJrShiuan/Harness-MulUser。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The increasing deployment of large language model (LLM) agents in collaborative workflows demands robust multi-user, multi-principal interaction mechanisms capable of enforcing access permissions, resolving authoritative conflicts, and preventing unauthorized data disclosure. However, a fundamental mismatch exists between the single-user training paradigm of contemporary LLMs and the hard constraints required for multi-principal governance, rendering probabilistic, prompt-based safeguards vulnerable under multi-turn adversarial interactions.Our key insight is that governance constraints -- who is authorized, what is restricted, and whose instructions take precedence -- are deterministic runtime variables that should be enforced by execution hooks rather than entrusted to the LLM. We present \textbf{Harness-MU}, the first model-agnostic, zero-tuning infrastructure framework for multi-user LLM agents. By decoupling language generation from safety orchestration, Harness-MU guarantees unbreakable permission boundaries while maximizing compliant demand satisfaction. Across four frontier open-weight and proprietary models on the \textit{Muses-Bench} benchmark, Harness-MU achieves the goal of privacy preservation across all access-control attacks, outperforming the standard baseline by 0.28--0.39 in utility score and improving instruction-following accuracy by up to 48.9 percentage points. Harness-MU advances the philosophy of \textit{Harness Engineering}, establishing that systematic infrastructure is essential for solving LLM multi-principal governance challenges. The code and data are available at https://github.com/YuanJrShiuan/Harness-MulUser.
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