arXiv:2606.21957cs.LG2026-06

用时间平移构造对比学习视图,无需复杂增强即可高效学好时序表征。

Learning by Shifting: Temporal View Construction for Time Series Contrastive Learning

论文配图:Learning by Shifting: Temporal View Construction for Time Series Contrastive Learning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过确定性时间平移生成正样本对,避免手工设计数据增强
  • 在6个真实数据集和UCR/UEA基准上达到当前最优性能,训练更快
  • 揭示了批大小和负样本数对时序对比学习的影响,指导高效设计

监督学习依赖大量标注数据,成本高且需领域知识。自监督学习,尤其是对比学习,可直接从无标签数据中学习丰富表征,但其效果高度依赖正负样本对的设计。现有时序方法依赖人工设计的增强和掩码策略,隐含强领域假设,限制跨不同时间模式的泛化能力,并可能引入虚假相关。本文提出一种新范式:通过简单、确定性的视图构造显式编码时间平移不变性,即可学习强时序表征。所提方法Shift Invariant Feature Training (ShiFT) 在六个真实世界时序基准及UCR和UEA数据集上均取得最佳表现,同时减少训练时间。此外,系统分析了时序对比学习中批大小和负样本数量对下游性能的影响,为高效框架设计提供实用洞见。代码已公开于https://github.com/sfi-norwai/ShiFT。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Supervised learning demands large quantities of labeled data, a bottleneck that is expensive and reliant on domain-specific expertise. Self-supervised learning, particularly contrastive learning, has emerged as a compelling alternative, enabling rich representation learning directly from unlabeled data. Yet its success hinges critically on the design of positive and negative sample pairs. Existing approaches for time series rely on hand-crafted augmentations and masking heuristics that embed strong domain assumptions, often limiting generalization across diverse temporal patterns and potentially introducing spurious correlations. In this work, we challenge this paradigm by demonstrating that explicitly encoding temporal shift invariance through a simple, deterministic view construction is sufficient to learn strong representations for time series classification. By exploiting temporal structure, our method, Shift Invariant Feature Training (ShiFT), achieves state-of-the-art performance on six diverse real-world time series benchmark datasets, as well as the UCR and UEA archives, while reducing training time. Beyond empirical performance, we present a systematic analysis of contrastive learning dynamics in time series settings, examining the effects of batch size and the number of negatives on downstream performance. Our findings provide practical insights for designing efficient contrastive learning frameworks for time series representation learning. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/sfi-norwai/ShiFT.

时序学习对比学习表征学习时间平移

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