用几何包围提升机械臂抓取的抗干扰能力,让机器人更鲁棒。
Physics-Informed Eikonal Caging for Whole-Arm Manipulation Planning

- 将包围设计为最短逃逸时间问题,构建可微分的光滑评价场
- 在仿真与真实实验中显著提升对接触模型误差的鲁棒性
- 适合使用简化接触模型的全臂操作规划,尤其适用于复杂交互
全臂接触操作规划面临挑战,因机器人广义几何带来的接触动力学复杂,难以精确建模。现有包围方法虽具鲁棒性,但难融入连续优化规划。本文将包围重构为最小逃逸时间问题,使物体在包围结构下以最短时间逃离。由此产生的逃逸时间场满足欧几里得方程(eikonal equation),可用物理信息神经网络近似,得到平滑可微的表征,可直接嵌入规划目标。该目标能引导机器人配置以抵抗物体逃逸,增强对接触模型失配的鲁棒性,支持使用简化接触模型(如准静态近似、简化的物体几何)。在仿真和真实实验中,相较基线方法,本方法在扰动和模型误差下表现更优。结果表明,几何包围可作为全臂操作中实用的鲁棒性基础单元。附加视频可在项目网页获取。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Planning contact-rich whole-arm manipulation is challenging because interactions that involve extended robot geometry give rise to complex contact dynamics that are difficult to model accurately. This creates a need for planning principles that do not rely heavily on precise contact models. Caging offers one such geometric notion of robustness to modeling inaccuracy by restricting object escape through geometrically enclosing the object. However, existing caging formulations are difficult to incorporate into continuous optimization-based manipulation planning. We reformulate caging as a minimum-time escape problem in which the object seeks to leave an enclosing robot geometry in the shortest time. This yields a continuous escape-time field that measures the robot's enclosure quality and we show it satisfies an eikonal equation. We therefore can approximate this field using a physics-informed neural network, producing a smooth differentiable representation that can be embedded directly into manipulation planning. The resulting objective supports whole-arm manipulation planning to favor robot configurations resisting object escape. This improves the manipulation robustness to contact model mismatch, thus enabling planning with simplified contact models, including quasi-dynamic approximations and simplified object geometry. Across simulation and real-world experiments, we show improved robustness to disturbances and contact-model mismatch relative to baselines. These results suggest that geometric enclosure can serve as a practical robustness primitive for whole-arm manipulation. A supplementary video, which includes an intuitive overview of our method and experiment video results, is available on our project webpage.
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