提出PRISM框架,让高维高阶神经PDE求解器可快速适配新参数
Parameterized Representations via Implicit Stochastic Modulation for High-Dimensional and High-Order Neural PDE Solvers

- 用隐式随机调制生成参数相关变换,分离空间与参数路径
- 在单卡上实现10万维问题求解,内存减少且零样本泛化稳定
- 适合需要快速响应新物理参数的高维科学计算场景
高维高阶偏微分方程(PDE)求解面临空间维度与导数阶数耦合增长的挑战。现有随机导数估计器通过用随机维度或泰勒估计替代完整导数张量降低计算成本,但多针对固定物理参数设计,新参数需重新训练。我们发现直接对求解器进行条件参数化会将物理参数嵌入高阶自动微分图中,导致额外内存开销和方差放大。为此提出参数化表示的隐式随机调制(PRISM)框架,利用超生成器将物理参数映射为仿射调制器,仅对纯空间潜在流形进行缩放与平移,保持参数分支值连接但空间切向不连通。该设计保留无偏随机维度与泰勒估计器,移除高阶空间自动微分中的参数编码器,并提供参数空间上的方差感知利普希茨包络。证明了参数化无偏性、估计误差界及有界随机方差下的收敛性。在非线性参数化PDE上使用PRISM-STDE与PRISM-SDGD的实验表明,模型具备稳定零样本泛化能力,内存消耗更低,可在单张GPU上扩展至10万维,并通过高效低秩SVD适应未见参数。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Solving high-dimensional and high-order PDEs is challenged by the coupled growth of spatial dimensionality and derivative order. Recent stochastic derivative estimators reduce this cost by replacing full derivative tensors with randomized dimension or Taylor estimators, but they are mostly designed for fixed physical parameters and require retraining for each new parameter. We show that direct conditional parameterization of such solvers entangles physical parameters with the high-order automatic differentiation graph, causing extra memory growth and parameter-induced variance amplification. We propose Parameterized Representations via Implicit Stochastic Modulation (PRISM), a plug-and-play framework for parameterized high-dimensional and high-order stochastic neural PDE solvers. PRISM uses a hyper-generator to map physical parameters to affine modulators that scale and shift a purely spatial latent manifold, while keeping parameter branches value-connected but spatial-tangent-disconnected. This design preserves unbiased stochastic dimension and Taylor estimators, removes the parameter encoder from high-order spatial AD, and provides a variance-aware Lipschitz envelope over the parameter space. We prove parameterized unbiasedness, estimation-error bounds, and convergence under bounded stochastic variance. Experiments with PRISM-STDE and PRISM-SDGD on nonlinear parameterized PDEs show stable zero-shot generalization, reduced memory usage, and scalability up to 100,000 dimensions on a single GPU, with efficient low-rank SVD adaptation for unseen parameters.
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