用少量异常样本校准正常世界模型,实现高精度异常检测。
Learning a Normal World Model for Few-Shot Boundary-Calibrated Abnormality Detection

- 构建超图熵正则的正常世界模型,捕捉变量间高阶关系。
- 在NASA C-MAPSS数据集上达到0.9983的AUROC,跨多种故障模式表现优异。
- 适合异常标签稀缺场景,可作为可解释的风险评估工具。
复杂系统中的异常检测面临两大挑战:异常标签稀缺,且二值标签无法量化事件偏离正常状态的程度。本文提出一种正常世界建模方法,不学习庞大的异常类别空间,而是从大量正常事件中学习正常世界,并仅用少量异常样本校准正常边界。我们提出超图熵正则的正常世界模型,将多变量传感器窗口表示为上下文条件化的超图,超边捕捉变量组间的高阶关系。异常性由融合时序预测意外、超图一致性意外和隐空间正常流形偏离的熵感知能量定义。在NASA C-MAPSS涡轮风扇退化基准上,该模型在所有四个子集上均表现出色,尤其在最复杂的FD004设置下达到0.9983的AUROC。此外,通过机制验证测试表明,所学能量能识别未见健康发动机,随退化轨迹上升,并对跨变量耦合错配强烈惩罚。结果表明,该正常世界能量可作为异常分数、分级风险度量及在严重异常标签稀缺下的可验证正常行为表征。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Abnormality detection in complex systems faces two practical barriers: abnormal labels are scarce, and binary labels do not quantify how far an event has departed from normal behavior. We study a normal-world modeling formulation for this setting. Instead of learning a large and incomplete space of abnormal classes, the model learns the normal world from abundant normal events and uses a few abnormal examples only to calibrate the boundary of normality. We instantiate this idea as a Hypergraph Entropic Normal-World Model. The model represents multivariate sensor windows as context-conditioned hypergraphs, where hyperedges capture high-order relations among groups of variables. It then defines abnormality by an entropy-aware normal-world energy that combines temporal prediction surprise, hypergraph consistency surprise, and latent normal-manifold departure. On the NASA C-MAPSS turbofan degradation benchmark, the proposed full energy achieves strong zero-shot and few-shot performance across all four subsets and reaches AUROC 0.9983 on FD004, the most complex setting with multiple operating conditions and fault modes. Beyond standard detection metrics, we introduce mechanistic validation tests to probe whether the energy encodes normal-world structure rather than a superficial input-output mapping. The learned energy accepts unseen healthy engines, increases along degradation trajectories, and sharply penalizes context-mismatched cross-variable coupling breaks. These results suggest that normal-world energy can serve as an anomaly score, a graded risk measure, and a testable representation of normal system behavior under severe abnormal-label scarcity.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。