提出分层机器人超声系统,兼顾临床推理与实时执行。
EmbodiedUS-FS: Fast Slow Intelligence for Ultrasound Robotics

- 慢脑解析医嘱生成可执行任务图,快脑融合多模态反馈调整动作。
- 动态干扰下任务成功率提升,安全违规减少37%。
- 适合临床机器人辅助场景,尤其需人机协作的复杂操作。
真实临床环境中,机器人超声扫描需兼具高层临床流程推理与底层闭环执行能力。医生的自然语言指令常隐含解剖目标、操作逻辑、图像质量要求及安全约束,而执行过程受患者运动、接触变化和目标漂移影响。本文提出一种快速-慢速分层式具身超声系统,实现安全且可解释的机器人辅助。慢脑通过知识增强的API与手册语料,解析意图并构建阶段化任务图,生成可执行计划;快脑融合超声图像、机械臂位姿、力反馈及患者运动信息,实时优化局部动作并执行图像质量引导的恢复行为。系统集成安全盾与分层升级策略,在持续失败或安全越界时限制危险操作,并触发重规划或人工确认。实验验证了该分层设计在任务规划、动态扰动下的闭环执行及安全机制方面的有效性,显著提升任务成功率并降低安全违规。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robotic ultrasound scanning in real clinical environments requires both high-level clinical workflow reasoning and low-level closed-loop execution. Physicians natural-language instructions often contain implicit anatomical targets, procedural logic, image-quality requirements, and safety constraints, while execution is affected by patient motion, contact variations, and target drift. We propose a fast and slow hierarchical embodied ultrasound system for safe and interpretable robotic ultrasound assistance. The Slow Brain performs intent parsing and stage-wise task planning with knowledge augmentation from an API and handbook corpus, and generates executable plans through task-graph construction and structured plan verification. The Fast Brain fuses multimodal feedback, including ultrasound images, robot pose and force states, and patient-motion information, to refine local actions and perform image-quality-guided recovery behaviors. The system further integrates a Safety Shield and a hierarchical escalation policy to constrain risky actions and trigger replanning or human confirmation under persistent failures or safety-bound violations. Experiments on planning evaluation, closed-loop execution under dynamic perturbations, and safety-mechanism validation demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical design improves task success rates while reducing safety violations.
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