用大模型协调仿真,设计出误差仅0.0017的光波导耦合器。
An LLM-Orchestrated Agent for Directional-Coupler Design with Self-Consistent Eigenmode and FDTD Validation
- 大模型提出间隙参数并判断收敛,物理计算由确定性求解器完成。
- 最终设计的交叉分光比达0.498,距目标0.500仅差0.0017。
- 通过固定额外长度修正,实现2D有效折射率模型自洽验证。
我们提出一个由大语言模型(LLM)协调的光波导设计代理,用于硅基SOI $2\times2$定向耦合器的设计。选择对称相位匹配结构,因其有大量解析结果支持设计策略。LLM提出候选间隙值并判断收敛,所有物理计算由确定性求解器完成:频域本征模求解器估计当前设计的耦合系数κ,独立的时域有限差分(FDTD)阶段对其进行验证。两个求解器均基于硅薄膜的共同二维有效折射率简化模型,确保设计κ与FDTD响应在问题层面一致;残差表现为单一常数相位偏移ϕ,归因于固定的额外耦合长度$ L_{\mathrm{extra}}=\SI{2.837(11)}{\micro\meter} $,该值在κ变化两倍范围内保持不变。将此偏移纳入闭环长度修正后,代理成功生成了交叉分光比为0.498(目标0.500)的50/50分束器,残差仅为0.0017。结果在2D有效折射率模型内实现自洽;大模型在多次尝试中成功输出合适设计。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present a design agent which is a Large Language Model (LLM) that orchestrates, but does not perform, the numerical simulations to design a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) $2\times2$ directional coupler. We choose a symmetric phase-matched coupler where a lot of analytical results are available that help the design strategy. The LLM proposes candidate gap values (a geometrical dimension size) and judges convergence, while all physics is owned by deterministic solvers: a frequency-domain eigenmode solver estimates the coupling coefficient~$κ$ for the current design, and an independent Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) stage validates it. Both solvers operate on a common slab-projected two-dimensional (2D) effective-index reduction of the silicon film, so the design~$κ$ and the FDTD response are consistent by problem design; the residual between them is shown to be a single constant phase offset~$ϕ$, attributable to a fixed excess coupling length $L_{\mathrm{extra}}=\SI{2.837(11)}{\micro\meter}$ that we find invariant across a factor-of-two range in~$κ$. Folding this offset into a closed-loop length correction, the agent delivers a $50/50$ splitter whose FDTD-measured cross fraction is $0.498$ (target $0.500$), a residual of $0.0017$. Results are made self-consistent within the 2D effective-index model; and the LLM succeeds in delivering a suitable design over a number of attempts.
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