仅用智能手表即可精准还原全身击球动作,实现真实球场的运动分析。
Full-Body Golf Swing Kinematic Reconstruction From a Smartwatch IMU

- 通过腕部单个惯性传感器结合时序运动建模,推断全身关节角度变化。
- 全身体态误差均值为8.11±1.84°,关键旋转参数相关性高达0.97以上。
- 适用于新手与高手、不同球杆和击球幅度,适合实际球场使用。
量化高尔夫击球动作对技术评估和个性化反馈至关重要。但现有方法在球场难以应用:光学捕捉受限于实验室,摄像头方法需不切实际的布设,多传感器惯性测量单元系统则需多部位安装与校准。为此,我们提出一种仅佩戴腕部智能手表的单传感器方法,用于估计击球过程中的全身体态关节角。所提出的腕部惯性网络(WIT-KinNet)利用模态特异性嵌入与时间运动编码,学习手腕到全身的运动依赖关系,从而推断击球时的全身体态。36名从初学者到高水平选手的球员,使用7种球杆(驱动器、3木杆、5号混合杆、5铁、7铁、9铁、沙坑杆)完成完整、半程和四分之一击球。在个体交叉验证下,该方法基于同步智能手表数据与光学运动捕捉系统的真值数据进行评估,全身体态关节角平均绝对误差为8.11±1.84°。骨盆旋转与上躯干旋转的时间相关性分别达0.98和0.97,X因子与S因子也表现出强相关性(分别为0.96和0.96)。线性混合效应模型显示,击球幅度、技术水平与球杆类型均显著影响误差(p < 0.05)。结果首次实现了仅靠腕部单传感器的全身体态击球动作重建,使真实比赛环境下的运动分析成为可能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantitative measurement of the golf swing is critical for evaluating technique and enabling individualized feedback. However, existing methods are impractical to use on the golf course: optical motion capture is laboratory-bound, camera-based methods require impractical camera placement, and multi-sensor inertial measurement unit (IMU) systems require multi-segment setup and calibration. We thus propose a single wrist-worn IMU approach for estimating full-body joint angles during golf swings. The proposed Wrist-IMU Temporal Kinematic Network (WIT-KinNet) leverages modality-specific IMU embeddings and temporal kinematic encoding to learn wrist-to-body motion dependencies and estimate full-body joint angles during golf swings. Thirty-six golfers spanning beginner and skilled players, performed full, half, and quarter swings using seven club types: driver, 3-wood, 5-hybrid, 5-iron, 7-iron, 9-iron, and sand wedge. The proposed WIT-KinNet was evaluated under subject-wise cross-validation using synchronized smartwatch IMU data and ground-truth kinematics derived from an optical motion capture system. The proposed approach achieved a mean absolute error of 8.11 $\pm$ 1.84$^\circ$ across full-body joint angles. High temporal correlation was observed for pelvic rotation and upper torso rotation (r = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively), with X-factor and S-factor also showing strong correlation (r = 0.96 and 0.96). Linear mixed-effects models of the error revealed that swing amplitude, skill level, and club type all significantly affected measurement differences (p $<$ 0.05). The results establish the first single wrist-worn IMU approach for estimating full-body golf swing kinematics, enabling practical swing analysis during real gameplay.
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