arXiv:2606.22911cs.AIcs.LG2026-06被引 1

用物理知识图谱让大模型更懂建筑热环境,控温更省电更舒适。

ThermoLLM: Thermodynamics-Aware HVAC Control with Spatial-Semantic Knowledge Graph

论文配图:ThermoLLM: Thermodynamics-Aware HVAC Control with Spatial-Semantic Knowledge Graph
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建融合建筑布局与热交互的物理知识图谱,增强模型空间推理能力。
  • 在五区建筑仿真中实现最优能效-舒适度平衡,PMV超限次数最低。
  • 适合关注智能建筑控制、大模型应用落地的研究者和工程师。

多区暖通空调控制是一个空间决策问题,室内热变化和调控决策不仅受室外条件和内部热源影响,还取决于区域布局、物理邻接关系以及建筑内延迟的热耦合。近期基于大语言模型的暖通控制器表明提示驱动控制是可行的,但这些方法通常依赖任务描述、观测值、简短文本反馈或非结构化检索,难以有效推理区域耦合、热响应及建筑动态特性。本文提出一种热力学感知的大型语言模型控制框架,应用于五区EnergyPlus建筑仿真。该控制器基于从砖式建筑语义中提取的物理信息空间知识图谱,并与近期交互历史关联。每个控制步骤中,模型接收当前建筑状态、图结构化的空间上下文及最近环境-控制器交互历史,从而做出反映建筑结构与短期热演变的决策。评估结果显示,该方法在能效-舒适度权衡上表现最佳,且PMV违规次数最少,同时保持节能运行。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-zone HVAC control is a spatial decision problem in which indoor thermal evolution and control decisions depend not only on outdoor conditions and internal heat gains but also on zone layout, physical adjacency, and delayed thermal interactions across the building. Recent LLM-based HVAC controllers have shown that prompt-based control is feasible. However, these methods typically rely on task descriptions, observation values, short textual feedback, or unstructured retrieval, which limits their ability to reason about zone coupling, thermal response, and building dynamics. This paper presents a thermodynamics-aware LLM control framework for a five-zone EnergyPlus building simulation. The controller is grounded in a physics-informed spatial knowledge graph derived from Brick-style building semantics and linked with recent interaction history. At each control step, the model receives the current building state, graph-structured spatial context, and recent environment-controller history, enabling it to make decisions that reflect both building structure and short-term thermal evolution. We evaluate the framework against standard control baselines and several LLM-based alternatives. Results show that the proposed approach achieves the best overall energy-comfort trade-off and the lowest PMV violation while maintaining energy-efficient operation.

大模型控制智能建筑热力学知识图谱

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