arXiv:2606.23038cs.LGcs.AI2026-06被引 3

让评分标准随大模型进步实时进化,避免奖励失效

EvoRubrics: Dynamic Rubrics as Rewards via Adversarial Co-Evolution for LLM Reinforcement Learning

论文配图:EvoRubrics: Dynamic Rubrics as Rewards via Adversarial Co-Evolution for LLM Reinforcement Learning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 政策与评分生成器对抗共进化,每步动态更新评价标准
  • 在多个基准上超越静态和动态评分基线,实现持续优化
  • 无需外部监督也能有效提升,适合开放任务的强化学习

基于评分的标准为开放式任务中的强化学习提供可解释、细粒度的优化信号,但预设的评分标准在训练中保持不变,与不断进化的策略不匹配,导致奖励饱和甚至被规避。现有动态评分方法依赖外部前沿模型或真实答案,且更新粒度粗糙。我们提出EvoRubrics,一个协同进化框架:策略大模型与评分生成器在每一步训练中通过对抗交互共同提升。随着策略在评分生成器指导下进步,后者同步调整评价标准以维持判别力与信息量,实现评估与策略的实时对齐,并自然形成自动课程。实验表明,EvoRubrics在多个基准上持续优于静态和动态评分基线。所学评分生成器还可作为可迁移的奖励模型。值得注意的是,即使完全自监督版本(无外部监督)也取得显著提升,表明生成与评估的协同进化本身即可提供足够丰富的学习信号。代码已公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Rubric-based rewards offer interpretable and fine-grained optimization signals for reinforcement learning in open-ended tasks where verifiable answers are unavailable. However, pre-constructed rubrics remain static throughout training, creating a fundamental mismatch with the evolving policy: fixed criteria gradually lose discriminative power as the model improves, leading to reward saturation and potential hacking. Recent dynamic rubric methods partially address this but rely on external frontier models or ground-truth answers, and update rubrics only at coarse granularity. We propose EvoRubrics, a co-evolutionary RL framework where a Policy LLM and a Rubric Generator jointly improve through adversarial interaction within each training step. As the policy improves under the rubric generator's guidance, the rubric generator adapts its criteria to remain discriminative and informative, enabling evaluation to track the policy in real time and naturally inducing an automatic curriculum. Experiments show that EvoRubrics consistently outperforms static and dynamic rubric baselines across benchmarks. The learned Rubric Generator further generalizes as a transferable reward model. Notably, even a fully self-supervised variant without any external supervision achieves meaningful gains, suggesting that co-evolution between generation and evaluation alone can provide sufficiently rich learning signals. Our code is publicly available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/EvoRubrics-2155/.

强化学习评分标准自适应评价大模型

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