比较无监督域适应与重训练的能耗,找出节能关键点。
Domain Adaptation Under Wireless Network Constraints: When Does It Become Green?

- 对比UDA与单任务训练的能耗差异
- 发现当目标域超过3个时UDA更省电
- 兼顾标注成本,适合资源受限场景
6G无线网络中数据驱动模型常受频繁分布偏移影响,性能随时间下降。无监督域适应(UDA)可在无标签情况下适应新域,但其流程比单任务训练更复杂,引发实际问题:适应收益是否伴随更高能耗?重新标注又需额外人力成本。本文研究UDA的能耗,与单任务训练对比,并提出一个计算最小目标域数量的方法,使UDA在能效上优于重训练,综合考虑标注成本。研究旨在从能效与标注成本角度,明确何时应优先选择UDA而非传统从头训练。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The deployment of data-driven models in 6G wireless networks is increasingly challenged by frequent distribution shifts that degrade performance over time. Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) offers an alternative approach by adapting the trained model to a shifted domain without requiring labels. However, UDA pipelines are often more complex than single-task training due to additional modules and optimization procedures, raising a practical question: do the benefits of adaptation come at a higher energy cost, and how does this trade-off compare to retraining when labeling effort is also considered? In this work, we investigate the energy consumption of UDA and compare it to single task. We further propose a way to determine the minimum number of target domains for which UDA becomes more energy-efficient than retraining, taking into account the labeling cost. Our results aim to clarify when UDA should be preferred over classical train-from-scratch approaches from an energy and labeling-aware perspective.
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