arXiv:2606.23249cs.RO2026-06

让机器人在视野受限时自主避障并找回目标,效果显著提升。

LP-NavOA: Integrated Local Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance for Humanoid Robots under Limited Perception

论文配图:LP-NavOA: Integrated Local Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance for Humanoid Robots under Limited Perception
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用强化学习训练行走基础模型,再通过规划器蒸馏优化方向指令。
  • 避障后目标恢复率从38%-40%提升至85%-97%,减少碰撞。
  • 无需地图或外部规划,适合真实机器人部署,如Unitree G1。

在感知受限的复杂环境中,类人机器人需同时解决避障、稀疏目标恢复与全身运动稳定问题。传统分离式规划-控制架构存在延迟和跟踪失配,纯反应式控制器则易丢失目标。本文提出LP-NavOA框架,先用基于射线投影的感知-动作近端策略优化(PPO)训练一个以环形速度-方向指令为中心的行走基底模型,并引入共享安全滤波器。冻结该基底后,利用A*与航点教师生成轨迹,蒸馏出一个仅在运行时替换方向指令的循环局部规划器,保持全身策略不变。运行时仅依赖本体感知、短距局部传感及机体坐标系下的目标方向,无需全局地图、航点流或外部规划器。在MuJoCo开放墙与室内布局中,该规划器实现绕障与避障后目标恢复,使教师校准的准时到达率从38%-40%提升至85%-97%,相比基底控制器显著降低刷碰频次。消融实验表明,动态路径调整、教师主动数据采集及环形指令接口对导航效率和3.0 m/s基底训练至关重要。单位列G1实机测试验证了无需持续手柄操作即可执行的可行性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Humanoid local navigation in cluttered environments must jointly resolve obstacle avoidance, sparse-goal recovery, and stable whole-body locomotion under short-range and partially observable sensing. Explicit planner-control decompositions introduce latency and can mismatch agile humanoid command-tracking limits, while purely reactive controllers may lose the goal after obstacle occlusion. We present LP-NavOA, a limited-perception navigation and obstacle-avoidance framework for humanoid robots. A raycast-conditioned perception-action proximal policy optimization (PPO) locomotion backbone is first trained with a robot-centered circular heading-speed command and a shared command-side safety filter. With this backbone frozen, A-star and waypoint teachers generate rollouts for distilling a recurrent local planner that overwrites only the heading command at deployment, leaving the whole-body policy intact. At runtime, LP-NavOA uses proprioception, short-range local range sensing, and a body-frame goal direction, requiring no global map, waypoint stream, or external planner. In MuJoCo open-wall and indoor layouts, the distilled planner produces obstacle bypassing and post-avoidance goal recovery, raising teacher-calibrated on-time arrival from 38--40\% to 85--97\% and reducing brush/contact-heavy progress relative to a backbone-only controller. Ablations show that dynamic route shaping, teacher-active data collection, and the circular command interface are important for navigation efficiency and for training the 3.0\,m/s backbone. A Unitree G1 deployment analysis demonstrates hardware executability without continuous joystick steering.

类人机器人避障导航强化学习实时控制

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