通过样本级不确定性评估,实现无需干净模型的去污染与去偏。
Uncertainty-based Debiasing and Unlearning for Decontamination

- 利用模型集成不确定性估计每个样本的遗忘程度。
- 在多个大模型上使输出分布更接近无污染模型,且保持原性能。
- 适合研究数据污染影响或提升评测公平性的研究人员。
基于基准的评估是衡量大语言模型能力的主流方法,但数据污染会虚高报告性能并破坏公平比较。现有去污染方法仅依赖整体准确率评估,可能掩盖样本级行为差异,且多数需要未污染模型。本文提出一种样本级评估框架,补充准确率,使用分布距离度量去污染模型输出与未污染模型在每样本上的接近程度。基于此框架,提出不确定性驱动去污染(UBD)方法,利用污染模型的深度集成估计样本级记忆程度,无需未污染模型或污染样本信息。UBD从集成不确定性中生成样本级修正标量,构建去偏目标分布,抑制污染导致的正确答案概率虚高。该目标可用于后处理输出(去偏)或作为软训练信号(去遗忘)。在MMLU-Pro和MATH-MCQA多个大模型上的实验表明,UBD生成的样本输出分布显著更接近未污染模型,优于重述或选项置换基线,同时保持对未污染数据的性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Benchmark-based evaluation is the dominant paradigm for assessing large language model (LLM) capabilities, yet data contamination inflates reported performance and undermines fair comparison. Existing decontamination methods are evaluated solely through aggregate accuracy, which can obscure substantial differences in per-sample model behaviour, and many require access to an uncontaminated model. In this paper, we propose a sample-level evaluation framework for decontamination that complements accuracy-based assessment with distributional distance metrics, measuring how closely a decontaminated model recovers the output distribution of an uncontaminated model on each sample. Building on this framework, we introduce Uncertainty-Based Decontamination (UBD), a family of methods that leverage deep ensembles of the contaminated model to estimate per-sample memorization without requiring a uncontaminated model or knowledge of which samples are contaminated. UBD estimates a per-sample correction scalar from ensemble uncertainty, which is used to construct a debiased target distribution that suppresses the inflated probability mass on correct answers induced by contamination. This target is then used either as a post-hoc output correction (debiasing) or as a soft training signal for parameter update (unlearning). Experiments on MMLU-Pro and MATH-MCQA across multiple LLM backbones demonstrate that UBD produces per-sample output distributions substantially closer to those of an uncontaminated model than paraphrasing or choice-permutation baselines, while preserving model performance on uncontaminated data.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。