用小波变换分析文本频谱特征,提升生成文本检测的鲁棒性。
WaveDetect: Robust Framework for Machine-Generated Text Detection via Wavelet Transform

- 将文本生成视为时频域信号处理,通过可微小波变换提取频谱特征。
- 在三个数据集上达到新最好效果,对攻击和模型演进保持稳定性能。
- 适合关注生成内容安全、对抗攻击防御的研究者使用。
随着大语言模型在自然语言生成中逼近人类水平,仅依赖表面语义特征检测生成文本已越来越不可靠。现有方法在应对对抗扰动、跨领域迁移以及基础模型快速演化三类挑战时表现不佳。为此,我们提出 \\_wavedetect,一个将文本检测重构为时频域信号处理的新框架。不同于以往分析静态词元概率分布的方法,\\wavedetect 将生成结果建模为概率信号,并应用可微连续小波变换将其转化为可学习的谱表示。该过程揭示了机器生成文本中的内在“频谱指纹”——这些模式在时域中不可见。在 RAID、EvoBench 与 Domain-Shift 三个精心构建的数据集上的全面评估表明,本方法不仅达到新最佳准确率,还展现出对复杂攻击、分布外主题及未见演化模型的强大泛化能力。结果验证了频谱分析作为大模型生成文本检测的有前景范式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As Large Language Models asymptotically approach human-level fluency in natural language generation, solely relying on surface-level semantic artifacts for detecting LLM-generated texts has become increasingly precarious. Existing detectors often falter when facing three critical challenges: adversarial perturbations, cross-domain shifts, and the rapid temporal evolution of the foundation model. To address these issues, we propose \wavedetect, a novel framework that reformulates text detection as a signal processing task within the time-frequency domain. Unlike previous methods that analyze static token probability distributions, \wavedetect models the generated output as a probability signal, upon which a differentiable Continuous Wavelet Transform is applied to convert them into learnable spectral representations. This process reveals the intrinsic ``spectral fingerprints'' in machine-generated texts--patterns that remain invisible in time domain. Comprehensive evaluations on three well-curated datasets (RAID, EvoBench, and Domain-Shift) show that our method achieves a new state-of-the-art. It not only achieves superior accuracy but also exhibits remarkable robustness against sophisticated attacks, generalization across out-of-distribution topics and unseen evolving LLMs. Our results validate the efficacy of spectral analysis as a promising paradigm for LLM-generated texts detection.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。