根据输入动态调整量化精度,让大模型生成更快更省显存。
GRINQH: Graded Input-based Quantization Hierarchy for Efficient LLM Generation

- 按激活值大小分配权重通道至不同精度,实现解码时灵活比特数
- 在Llama3和Qwen3上达SOTA,在3-4比特下比固定/混合精度快
- 适合边缘部署,支持2比特生成,兼顾速度与质量
自回归解码是大模型推理的瓶颈,尤其在边缘计算场景中受GPU显存带宽限制。现有量化方法多将推理视为均匀过程,忽视预填充(计算密集)与解码(内存密集)阶段的差异。本文提出GRINQH(分级输入量化层级),一种仅对权重进行后训练量化的框架,通过激活值幅度作为计算重要性代理,动态分配权重通道至不同精度层级,实现解码阶段灵活平均比特宽度。在Llama3与Qwen3模型上评估表明,其在3-4比特设置下超越现有固定与混合精度基线,甚至支持有效2比特生成。通过定制GPU内核实现分层嵌套内存布局,实验验证了理论加速效果。最终,GRINQH建立了大模型生成的新帕累托前沿,实现生成质量与推理速度的动态权衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autoregressive decoding with LLMs is primarily bottlenecked by GPU memory bandwidth, especially in edge-computing settings. While quantization is essential for mitigating this bottleneck, most existing methods treat inference as a uniform process and fail to account for the asymmetry between the compute-bound prefill stage and the memory-bound decoding stage. We propose GRINQH (GRaded INput-based Quantization Hierarchy), a weight-only post-training quantization framework that accelerates decoding by unifying quantization and sparsification. GRINQH leverages activation magnitudes as a proxy for computational importance to dynamically assign weight channels to different precision levels, enabling flexible average bit widths during decoding. Evaluated on Llama3 and Qwen3 models, GRINQH outperforms state-of-the-art fixed- and mixed-precision baselines at comparable 3- and 4-bit settings, even enabling effective 2-bit generation. We experimentally verify theoretical speedups by leveraging a hierarchical nested memory layout for multi-precision storage in a custom GPU kernel. Ultimately, GRINQH establishes a new state-of-the-art Pareto frontier for LLM generation, enabling a dynamic trade-off between generation quality and inference speed.
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