用元学习识别难预测时间序列,自动拒绝高风险预测。
Selective Time Series Forecasting via Metalearning

- 基于近期数据特征的元学习,建模误差百分位数
- 在不同数据集上拒绝困难样本后,准确率普遍提升
- 不依赖训练域,适合跨领域时间序列预测
深度学习在时间序列预测中表现优异,但不同样本的预测精度差异大,部分序列本质难预测。虽然分类和回归中已有拒绝选项机制,但在预测任务中仍研究不足。现有策略多依赖预测区间宽度或学习到的置信度,这些方法与训练域强相关,泛化能力差。本文提出一种选择性预测框架,通过元学习提取近期滞后项的结构特征,建模误差的实证百分位数(尺度无关统计量),将拒绝对决策与预测解耦,并基于与领域无关的特征实现跨异构时间序列的有效拒绝对转移。在同域与迁移学习设置下的实验表明,主动拒绝被认为困难的样本,能持续提升各覆盖水平下的预测准确性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Deep learning methods have achieved state-of-the-art in time series forecasting, yet their accuracy varies considerably across samples, as some instances remain inherently difficult to predict. Reject option mechanisms, which allow models to abstain from high-risk predictions, are well established in classification and regression but underexplored in forecasting. Existing abstention strategies typically rely on proxies, such as the width of the prediction interval or learned confidence scores derived from forecasts. However, these approaches are inherently tied to the training domain, limiting their ability to generalize. We propose a selective forecasting framework that addresses this limitation by modeling the empirical percentile of forecasting errors, that is, a scale-invariant statistic, based on structural characteristics extracted from recent lags via metalearning. By decoupling the rejection decision from the forecast itself and grounding it in domain-agnostic features, the framework enables effective abstention transfer across heterogeneous time series. Experiments in both in-domain and transfer learning settings show that rejecting samples predicted as challenging consistently improves forecasting accuracy across coverage levels.
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