arXiv:2606.23548physics.acc-phcs.LG2026-06

用图神经网络快速预测高温超导磁体电压分布,提升仿真效率。

SuperCond-GNN: Scalable Graph Neural Network Surrogate for Superconducting Circuit Simulations

论文配图:SuperCond-GNN: Scalable Graph Neural Network Surrogate for Superconducting Circuit Simulations
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将超导磁体电路转为图结构,用GNN学习拓扑与电流的电响应关系。
  • 在10根带材范围内,平均绝对误差仅4.3%,预测精度高。
  • 支持零样本推理和小样本微调,适合超导系统设计与实时监控。

本文提出SuperCond-GNN,一种基于图神经网络的代理模型,用于预测高温超导(HTS)磁体中的电压分布。将HTS磁体建模为集总元件等效电路,并映射为图表示,使消息传递GNN能够学习电路拓扑、材料属性和工作电流下的电气响应。以最多10根带材的堆叠为例,在多种电路拓扑和工作条件下进行验证。模型在电路仿真生成的数据上训练,达到4.3%的平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE),在指定设计空间内表现良好。预测的节点电压可实现对电流重分配和局部运行条件的快速、可扩展推断。还评估了通过基尔霍夫电流定律引入物理信息正则化的效果,并通过零样本推理和少量样本微调测试其对未见拓扑的泛化能力。尽管应用于带材堆栈电路,该图基框架具有拓扑无关性,天然适用于更复杂的HTS电缆和磁体结构,为下游应用如设计空间探索、电流共享分析和实时磁体监测提供了可扩展的替代方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This paper presents SuperCond-GNN, a graph neural network-based surrogate model for predicting the voltage distribution in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. HTS magnets are modeled as lumped-element equivalent circuits and mapped onto graph representations, enabling message passing GNNs to learn the electrical response as a function of circuit topology, material properties, and operating current. As a proof of concept, tape stacks of up to 10 tapes are considered across a range of circuit topologies and operating conditions. The surrogate is trained on data generated from circuit simulations and achieves a mean MAPE of 4.3 % within the prescribed design space. The predicted nodal voltages enable fast and scalable inference of current redistribution and local operating conditions across a wide range of circuit configurations. The effect of incorporating physics-informed regularization via Kirchhoff's current law is also evaluated, and generalizability to unseen topologies is assessed through zero-shot inference and few-shot fine-tuning. While demonstrated on tape stack circuits, the graph-based framework is topology-agnostic and naturally extensible to more complex HTS cable and magnet configurations, offering a scalable alternative to conventional circuit solvers for downstream applications such as design space exploration, current sharing analysis, and real-time magnet monitoring.

图神经网络超导磁体仿真加速物理信息

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