用可调波束天线实现高精度无线信号人体计数
WiFi-Based People Counting Using Beam-Steerable Antennas: A Test-bed Study
- 通过可调波束天线扫描空间，捕捉多路径信道状态信息
- 在真实场景中实现95.3%的计数准确率，误差小于1人
- 适合智能楼宇、无人值守空间等需隐私保护的监测场景
基于射频信号的普适感知是未来技术的重要方向，可支持智能家居、远程医疗、自动化物流及非接触手势交互等应用。现有Wi-Fi与蜂窝网络为创新传感工具提供了良好平台，未来标准将引入专用传感功能，使路由器具备调频连续波雷达能力。当前芯片设计支持通过发射端（TX）与接收端（RX）MIMO天线配置及正交频分复用（OFDM）子载波提取信道状态信息（CSI）。CSI反映各子载波上多条传播路径的相位偏移与幅度衰减。最新IEEE 802.11be标准（Wi-Fi 7）提供160MHz（最高320MHz）的更宽子载波带宽，至少可获得120个可用导频子载波用于CSI或信道冲击响应（CIR）估计。近期研究已证实，不同个体引起的Wi-Fi信号变化存在差异，可用于其再识别。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ubiquitous perception through RF signals is a pivotal opportunity for future technology: it enables personalized services such as smart living, remote healthcare, automated logistics or interaction through free-space gestures. The ubiquity of Wi-Fi and cellular networks presents a promising platform for the development of innovative sensing tools. Future standards will also introduce dedicated sensing features which, for example, will allow routers to work as frequency modulated continuous wave radios targeting radar applications. Most of the current chip designs support ad-hoc firmware for CSI extraction with MIMO arrangements of the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) antennas and OFDM subcarriers. The CSI describes the phase shift and amplitude attenuation of multiple propagation paths on each subcarrier. The latest IEEE 802.11be standard (Wi-Fi 7) offers a wider subcarrier bandwidth of 160MHz (up to 320MHz), providing at least 120 usable pilot subcarriers for CSI or CIR estimation. Additionally, Wi-Fi signals have been recently exploited to track daily human movements and behaviors, while Wi-Fi signal variations have been shown to differ between different people and can consequently be used for their re-identification.
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