自动驾驶飞机可在无中心管控下自主形成有序走廊通行流
Decentralized Coordination of Autonomous Traffic Through Advanced Air Mobility Corridors
- 基于局部信息的分布式算法让飞机自发形成走廊队列
- 94%以上时间能准确遵守走廊边界，高效抵达目标
- 低中密度下几乎无需干预，适合未来空域自主管理
为将先进空中交通（AAM）融入现有空域，专用走廊被视为关键路径。以往研究多关注走廊网络设计与冲突消解，普遍认为无中心管理的走廊模式效率低下。本文表明，在仅依赖局部信息的去中心化环境中，自主飞行器仍可学习自组织形成走廊流。我们在三种场景中验证：单走廊带出口流量控制、连续双走廊、分叉走廊。结果显示，去中心化设置下，飞机超过94%时间能准确遵循走廊边界，并以相对高效的方式抵达目的地。在低至中等交通密度下，仅需极少战术干预即可维持最小间距；但高密度时干预频率上升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The use of dedicated corridors for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) traffic is one of the most commonly proposed pathways to integrating them into existing airspace operations. Most prior research has focused on the design of networks of AAM corridors and conflict resolution for aircraft within corridors. It is also generally believed that while attractive from an implementation perspective, corridor-based operations may be inefficient, especially in the absence of centralized traffic management. In this paper, we show that contrary to this belief, it is possible for autonomous aircraft to learn to self-organize into corridor flows in decentralized settings. We illustrate our approach using scenarios in which fixed-wing aircraft need to safely and efficiently traverse (1) a single corridor with metering after the exit, (2) a sequence of two consecutive corridors, and (3) a corridor that splits into two. We find that in decentralized settings with only local information, the aircraft are able to conform to the corridor boundaries more than 94% of the time and reach their goal in a relatively efficient manner. Furthermore, tactical interventions to handle violations of the separation minimum are needed only infrequently in low- and medium-density settings. However, such tactical interventions become more frequently necessary only when traffic density is high.
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