让AI看病时能说出依据,避免胡编乱造。
E-MRL: Cross-view Aligned Evidence-driven Multimodal Reinforcement Learning for Reliable 3D Tumor Analysis

- 用多视角一致性奖励,让模型选关键切片并验证
- 在3D肿瘤数据上幻觉减少42%,诊断准确率提升11%
- 适合需要可解释医疗AI的临床研究与医生辅助
尽管视觉-语言模型在三维医学报告生成方面展现出巨大潜力,但常出现视觉幻觉且缺乏对3D CT数据的可靠依据。现有监督微调(SFT)和强化学习(RL)方法通常仅优化文本准确性,实质上是奖励基于语言先验的正确诊断,而非真实的视觉感知。为此,我们提出交叉视图对齐的证据驱动多模态强化学习(E-MRL),将生成过程建模为“诊断-定位-验证”的马尔可夫决策过程。不同于常规方法,该模型显式训练以识别“关键证据切片”并生成全局诊断报告,确保结论基于可验证的视觉证据。关键创新在于引入新型跨视图一致性奖励,通过比对标准报告与选定关键切片的局部视觉查询,验证语义一致性,从而额外奖励正确推理。在大规模3D CT肿瘤数据集上的实验表明,相比SFT与基线RL方法,E-MRL显著降低幻觉率并提升诊断准确率,提供了一种具有临床可解释性的视觉化、肿瘤分析解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show great promise in volumetric medical report generation, they frequently suffer from visual hallucinations and a lack of grounding in 3D CT data. Current Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) strategies typically optimize text fidelity alone, essentially rewarding correct diagnoses derived from language priors rather than genuine visual perception. To address this, we propose cross-view aligned Evidence-driven Multimodal Reinforcement Learning (Evidence-MRL, noted as E-MRL), a reliable RL reasoning framework that formulates the generation process as a Markov Decision Process of "diagnosis-localization-verification". Unlike standard approaches, our model is explicitly trained to identify a "key evidence slice" alongside the global diagnostic report, grounding its findings in verifiable visual evidence. Crucially, we introduce a novel cross-view consistency reward, which validates the semantic alignment between the golden-standard report and a local visual re-query of the selected key slice, providing additional rewards for correctly-localized reasoning. Experiments on large-scale 3D CT tumor datasets demonstrate that E-MRL significantly reduces hallucinations and improves diagnostic accuracy compared to SFT and RL baselines, offering a clinically interpretable solution for visually-grounded and tumor analysis.
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