提出一套水下电动车辆噪声分析方法，可精准识别潜艇级声纹特征。
A Methodology for Characterizing Underwater Radiated Noise from Submerged Electric Vehicles in a Coastal Environment: An AUV Test Case
- 基于校准声学与同步数据，分八步解析水下噪声
- 检测到5.56~22.2 kHz谐波结构，最高达105 kHz
- 适合水下探测与电动推进系统故障诊断
潜航电动车辆（SEV），包括自主水下航行器（AUV）、遥控潜水器及载人推进系统，可能辐射与电驱系统及电机控制电子器件相关的特定纯音、谐波和调制声学成分。此类特征对被动探测与工程诊断具有重要意义，但在近海环境中因环境噪声、浅水传播及方向依赖性辐射而难以捕捉。现有水下辐射噪声（URN）标准主要针对水面舰船，无法涵盖SEV测量的频谱、运行与几何复杂性。本文提出一套八步法用于SEV URN表征，涵盖测量设计、空化评估、频带选择、环境噪声刻画、谱分析与时频分析、子系统导向解释、传播修正的源相关估计及方位与工况分析。创新点在于融合校准通过声学、同步车辆元数据、环境噪声背景与子系统导向分析，以解析宽带方法无法捕捉的纯音与调制特征。该方法在沿海水域测试的A18D AUV上得到验证，驱动相关纯音组出现在5.56、11.1和22.2 kHz附近，谐波结构延伸至105 kHz。源相关纯音功率谱密度估计值在1米处为77至120 dB re 1 μPa²/Hz。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Submerged electric vehicles (SEVs), including autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), remotely operated vehicles, and diver propulsion systems, may radiate distinct tonal, harmonic, and modulated acoustic components associated with electric propulsion drives and motor-control electronics. Characterizing these signatures is relevant to passive detection and engineering diagnostics, but remains challenging in coastal environments because ambient noise, shallow-water propagation, and aspect-dependent radiation can obscure vehicle-related features. Existing underwater radiated noise (URN) standards, developed primarily for surface vessels, do not address the spectral, operational, and geometric complexity of SEV measurements. This paper presents an eight-step methodology for SEV URN characterization, covering measurement design, cavitation assessment, frequency-band selection, ambient-noise characterization, spectral and time-frequency analysis, subsystem-oriented interpretation, propagation-corrected source-related estimation, and angular and operational analysis. The novelty lies in integrating calibrated pass-by acoustics with synchronized vehicle metadata, ambient-noise context, and subsystem-oriented analysis to resolve tonal and modulated features that broadband methods cannot capture. The methodology is demonstrated using an A18D AUV measured in coastal water. Drive-related tonal groups were observed near 5.56, 11.1, and 22.2 kHz, with harmonic structure up to 105 kHz. Source-related tonal PSD estimates ranged from 77 to 120 dB re 1 uPa^2/Hz at 1 m
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