arXiv:2606.25232cs.LGcs.CV2026-06中稿 · ICANN 2026 main pr…

提出新框架PRIOR,让模型按需生成粗到细的视觉表征。

Semantic Allocation in Ordered Bottlenecks: Predictive Residual Inference for Visual Representation Learning

  • 用分层预测替代掩码控制,逐层聚焦残差信息
  • 低预算时生成粗略描述,高预算时逐步细化,性能更优
  • 适合离散化或量化场景,稳定性强于传统方法

有序瓶颈通过将粗粒度信息分配给早期令牌、任务相关细节分配给后期令牌,实现灵活预算下的表征实用性。现有方法(如尾部丢弃)依赖掩码式排序压力(MBOP),即后期令牌被更频繁掩码,从而鼓励其存储次要细节。然而,该机制缺乏显式的精炼目标,仅以梯度暴露作为重要性代理,导致后期令牌效用弱,且在离散或量化表示等敏感优化场景中表现脆弱。本文提出预测残差推理(PRIOR),以对数2缩放的层级结构和层级预测器取代激活率控制。预测器分离已解释与未解释信息,使每层专注残差误差。在对比学习和图像重建任务中,相比MBOP-TD与独立尾部偏置丢弃(MBOP-ITD),PRIOR在所有实验中均生成良好有序表征:低预算下输出粗略描述,高预算下持续添加精修。全预算下,除一个设置外性能均优于基线,且在离散与量化设置中显著优于基线,逼近连续版本表现。结果表明,PRIOR是有效且鲁棒的有序表征学习框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Ordered bottlenecks aim to provide utility at flexible budgets by assigning coarse information to early tokens and task-relevant detail to later ones. Prior work, including tail dropping (TD), typically enforces ordering by means of a masking-based ordering pressure (MBOP): Late tokens are masked more frequently than early tokens and are therefore encouraged to store less essential fine details. We introduce predictive residual inference for ordered representations (PRIOR), a framework designed to address inherent weaknesses of MBOP. MBOP is prone to weak late-token utility because it lacks an explicit refinement objective and uses gradient exposure as a proxy for importance. Furthermore, representations may become particularly brittle in optimization-sensitive settings, such as when using discrete or quantized token representations. PRIOR replaces activation-rate control with log2-scaled levels and level-wise predictors. These predictors separate already explained from unexplained information, focusing each level on residual error. We compare PRIOR against MBOP-TD and independent tail-biased dropout (MBOP-ITD) in contrastive learning and image reconstruction tasks. Unlike the baselines, PRIOR learns well-ordered representations across experiments: low budgets provide coarse descriptors, while high budgets add refinements. Simultaneously, full-budget performance with PRIOR is higher in all but one experimental setting, where performance remains comparable. MBOP baselines are severely limited in discrete and quantized settings, while PRIOR approaches the performance of continuous counterparts. Taken together, these findings establish PRIOR as an effective framework for ordered representation learning.

视觉表征有序瓶颈残差推理量化

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