用简单硬件实现机器人全身触觉感知,响应快且省电。
Self Capacitive Tactile Sensor System designed for Companion Robots

- 单层导电织物+导线结构,无需复杂电极设计。
- 1000Hz采样率可准确区分轻触、慢敲、快敲和击打。
- 直接在FPGA上运行分类器,低延迟零功耗增加。
触觉感知对人形机器人实现安全物理交互、灵巧操作和类人响应至关重要。然而,现有系统常因多层结构复杂、布线繁琐、成本高且难扩展,难以在保持低计算负载的前提下实现全身触觉的实时低延迟检测。本文提出一种基于自电容原理的简易、可扩展且硬件友好的触觉传感系统,用于陪伴型人形机器人。该系统仅需单层导电织物与导电织物导线架构,无需复杂电极图案。通过柔性印刷电路(FPC)制备了100点传感器阵列。在不同采样频率下评估发现,10 Hz无法捕捉瞬态事件,而100 Hz与1000 Hz能可靠识别所有交互类型:轻触、慢敲、快敲和击打。决策树分类器部署于FPGA,实现对Raspberry Pi 4的实时推理卸载,延迟极低,功耗几乎无增加。该设计完全满足HIRO-chan机器人的触觉需求,适用于其及其它陪伴机器人的全身触觉感知。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tactile sensing is essential for humanoid robots to achieve safe physical interaction, dexterous manipulation, and truly human-like responsiveness. However, the design of such systems remains challenging. Conventional approaches often suffer from complex multilayer structures, intricate wiring, high cost, and poor scalability, making it difficult to realize full-body tactile sensing with real-time, low-latency detection while maintaining minimal computational load on the robot's main processor. In this work, we present a simple, scalable and hardware friendly tactile sensing system for a companion humanoid robot based on the self-capacitance principle. The proposed sensor system employs a single conductive fabric layer with a conductive fabric wire architecture and does not require intricate electrode patterning. Scalability was demonstrated by fabricating a 100-point sensor array on a flexible printed circuit (FPC). Evaluation across sampling frequencies showed that 10 Hz is insufficient and misses transient events, whereas 100 Hz and 1000 Hz reliably capture and clearly distinguish all interaction types: gentle touch, slow tapping, fast tapping, and hitting. A decision-tree classifier was implemented directly on the FPGA, offloading real-time inference from the Raspberry Pi 4 with minimal latency and negligible power overhead. This design fully meets the tactile sensing requirements of the HIRO-chan robot and is well-suited for full-body tactile sensing in HIRO-chan and other companion robots.
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