arXiv:2606.26373cs.CRcs.AI2026-06被引 1

用压缩几何与加密重排序,实现隐私受限下的语义搜索

Hybrid privacy-aware semantic search: SVD-truncated document geometry and CKKS-encrypted query reranking under a restricted threat model

  • 用SVD截断文档几何+CKKS加密查询,客户端选候选集,服务器重排序
  • 672维下响应时间降为原来的1/7.5,吞吐量达25.99请求/秒
  • 适合关注查询隐私但不需完全匿名的系统设计者

语义搜索存在信息泄露风险:查询嵌入可能暴露用户意图,而返回完整向量会泄露可复用表示。本文评估一种受限的混合设计:公开的SVD基和乘积量化(PQ)索引支持客户端候选选择,候选ID公开,投影后的查询经CKKS加密。一个块SIMD内核对100个明文提供方向量评分,返回单个密文。在672维下,平均服务时间从1689.1毫秒降至224.5毫秒,响应大小缩小99.5倍;16个工作线程下,仅提供方饱和吞吐达25.99请求/秒。在3,235个独立于验证集的BEIR标准查询子集上,六个数据集中五个满足±0.002 nDCG@10等价性要求,仅ArguAna未定。投影方式优于随机或坐标截断。泄露审计显示公开候选集高度可链接,能还原部分邻域结构,而公共PQ揭示近似语料几何。该设计仅条件性隐藏数值查询槽,不提供语义查询、文档、去关联、电路或访问模式隐私。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Semantic search creates an asymmetric disclosure problem: query embeddings may reveal user intent, while returning exact provider vectors distributes reusable representations. We evaluate a deliberately restricted hybrid design. A public corpus-fitted SVD basis and PQ index support client-side candidate selection; candidate IDs are disclosed, while the projected query is encrypted with CKKS. A block-SIMD kernel scores 100 plaintext provider vectors and returns one ciphertext. At 672 dimensions, median server time falls from 1689.1 to 224.5 ms and response size by a factor of 99.5; provider-only saturation reaches 25.99 requests/s with 16 workers. In a frozen post-exploratory revision-analysis subset, disjoint from validation and containing 3,235 canonical BEIR queries, five of six collections satisfy a +/-0.002 nDCG@10 equivalence rule between actual CKKS and plaintext reranking of the same shortlist, while ArguAna is inconclusive. Projection controls favor SVD over random and coordinate truncation. Leakage audits show that disclosed candidate sets are highly linkable and reproduce part of the exact neighbourhood, while public PQ reveals approximate corpus geometry. The design therefore conditionally hides numerical query slots, but does not provide semantic-query, document, unlinkability, circuit, or access-pattern privacy.

语义搜索隐私计算加密检索

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