arXiv:2606.26712eess.IVcs.AI2026-06

提出多层级特征融合扩散模型,提升皮肤病变分割精度。

MLFFM-SegDiff: A Multi-Level Feature Fusion Diffusion Model for Skin Lesion Segmentation

论文配图:MLFFM-SegDiff: A Multi-Level Feature Fusion Diffusion Model for Skin Lesion Segmentation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计双路U-Net编码器与多层级融合模块,增强跨层特征交互。
  • 在ISIC2018等数据集上实现0.8546的平均Jaccard指数和0.9207的Dice系数。
  • 适合医学图像分割研究者,尤其关注边界细节恢复的场景。

皮肤病变分割是计算机辅助皮肤病诊断的关键任务,其准确性直接影响后续分析与疾病分类。然而,皮肤镜图像因边界模糊、对比度低、形状差异大以及毛发、阴影等伪影而具有挑战性。近期,扩散模型凭借渐进去噪与分布建模能力,在医学图像分割中表现优异。但现有基于扩散的方法仍存在跨层级特征交互有限、边界细节恢复不足的问题。为此,本文提出MLFFM-SegDiff,一种用于皮肤病变分割的多层级特征融合扩散模型。该方法基于扩散框架,引入双路U-Net编码器、多层级特征融合模块(MLFFM)及边界敏感损失函数。双路编码器增强噪声掩码特征与皮肤镜图像特征的交互;MLFFM通过注意力机制、尺度对齐与自适应跨层融合改进跳跃连接,使解码器能联合利用浅层边界线索与深层语义信息,提升掩码重建质量。在ISIC2018、PH2和HAM10000数据集上的实验表明,MLFFM-SegDiff在准确率、F1分数、交并比(Jaccard)、召回率和Dice系数上均优于DermoSegDiff、U-Net和SwinUNETR等代表性方法,其中平均交并比达0.8546,Dice系数为0.9207。结果验证了所提多层级特征融合策略的有效性。代码将于发表后公开于https://github.com/Qacket/MLFFM-SegDiff.git。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Skin lesion segmentation is a key task in computer-aided dermatological diagnosis, where accuracy directly impacts downstream analysis and disease classification. However, dermoscopic images are challenging due to blurred boundaries, low contrast, large shape variations, and artifacts such as hair and shadows. Recently, diffusion models have shown strong performance in medical image segmentation thanks to their progressive denoising and distribution modeling capabilities. Nevertheless, existing diffusion-based methods still suffer from limited cross-level feature interaction and insufficient boundary detail recovery. To address these issues, we propose MLFFM-SegDiff, a multi-level feature fusion diffusion model for skin lesion segmentation. Built on a diffusion framework, the method introduces a dual-path U-Net encoder, a Multi-Level Feature Fusion Module (MLFFM), and a boundary-sensitive loss function. The dual-path encoder enhances interaction between noisy mask features and dermoscopic image features. MLFFM improves skip connections via attention, scale alignment, and adaptive cross-level fusion. These designs enable the decoder to jointly leverage shallow boundary cues and deep semantic representations, improving mask reconstruction quality. Experiments on ISIC2018, PH2, and HAM10000 demonstrate that MLFFM-SegDiff outperforms representative methods including DermoSegDiff, U-Net, and SwinUNETR across Accuracy, F1-score, Jaccard index, Recall, and Dice. In particular, it achieves an average Jaccard index of 0.8546 and Dice coefficient of 0.9207. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-level feature fusion strategy for improving lesion segmentation performance. The code will be released at https://github.com/Qacket/MLFFM-SegDiff.git after publication.

皮肤分割扩散模型多级融合

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