MIRROR通过记忆引导搜索,高效发现多模态攻击新路径。
MIRROR: Novelty-Constrained Memory-Guided MCTS Red-Teaming for Agentic RAG

- 用记忆约束的蒙特卡洛树搜索,结合检索上下文生成新攻击。
- 图像中毒攻击成功率76%(基线52%),协调器攻击效率提升一倍。
- 适合安全测试人员验证多模态智能体抗攻击能力。
多模态智能体检索增强生成系统将攻击面从提示注入扩展至文本污染、图像注入、直接查询攻击和协调器级工具操纵。现有红队方法通常局限于单一表面且重复使用已知攻击模板;在文本污染基准上,我们测得73-84%的完全重复率。本文提出MIRROR,一个统一的跨表面框架,采用记忆引导的蒙特卡洛树搜索,并在生成候选时基于检索上下文施加显式新颖性约束。确定性新颖性门控通过归一化比较拒绝与检索集匹配的候选,使检索能指导搜索先验而不允许提示复制。在四类攻击表面上对多模态智能体检索增强生成目标进行测试,MIRROR在图像污染攻击中达到76%的攻击成功率(基线52%),在协调器攻击中实现97%的成功率且查询成本减半,跨表面方差最低(变异系数0.47)。相比之下,专用基线在不同表面间表现崩溃:后缀优化在文本污染上达79%成功率,但在直接查询攻击中仅1%。我们发布了ART-SafeBench,包含41,815条内部记录及运行时适配器,总计生成超过41,991条跨四类攻击表面的记录。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multimodal agentic retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems expand the attack surface beyond prompt injection to include text poisoning, image injection, direct-query attacks, and orchestrator-level tool manipulation. Existing red-teaming approaches are typically surface-specific and often recycle known attack templates; on text-poisoning benchmarks we measure 73-84% exact duplication. We present MIRROR, a unified cross-surface framework that performs memory-guided Monte Carlo tree search while conditioning candidate generation on retrieved context under an explicit novelty constraint. A deterministic Novelty Gate rejects any candidate matching the retrieval set under normalized comparison, allowing retrieval to inform search priors without enabling prompt copying. Across four attack surfaces on a multimodal agentic RAG target, MIRROR attains 76% ASR on image poisoning compared with 52% for baselines, 97% ASR on orchestrator attacks at half the query cost, and the lowest cross-surface variance (coefficient of variation 0.47). In contrast, specialized baselines collapse across surfaces: suffix optimization reaches 79% ASR on text poisoning but 1% on direct queries. We release ART-SafeBench with 41,815 in-package records and runtime adapters yielding 41,991+ total records across four surfaces.
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