arXiv:2606.26803cs.CLcs.IR2026-06

用计算方法证明佛教密宗词汇在孟加拉被印度教怛特罗吸收,且有具体证据。

From Vajrayana Tara to Bengali Baul: A Computational Study of Lexical Transmission Across Buddhist, Shakta, and Vaishnava Traditions in Bengal

  • 通过词频向量与余弦相似度分析8世纪到19世纪的75部文献
  • 发现佛教-沙克塔过渡文本与沙克塔卡利文本相似度达0.54,是毗湿奴文本的8.5倍
  • 揭示孟加拉佛教与印度教融合有可量化的历史证据,适合宗教学与数字人文研究者

本研究对8至19世纪孟加拉与梵文虔信文学中八个传统层(包括佛教密宗、沙克塔坦特拉、毗湿奴派及巴尔派)的词汇关系进行计算语料分析。基于75部文本,采用TF-IDF字符n-gram向量化与余弦相似度分析,验证了历史上关于佛教密宗词汇在帕拉寺院衰落后被孟加拉沙克塔坦特拉吸收的假说。核心发现为:12世纪梵文《歌集》(Vaishnava)与沙克塔卡利文本余弦相似度为0,而同一世纪同语言的《桥塔拉》(Buddhist-Shakta过渡文本)与沙克塔卡利文本相似度达0.54,形成8.5倍差异;三部《大尼拉坦特拉塔拉》文本显示沙克塔→佛教词汇比率为2.0至4.0,表明词汇传递的可测量性。18世纪拉姆普拉萨德·森的孟加拉卡利歌曲中,塔拉出现56次,卡利103次,保留佛教词汇残迹。毗湿奴孟加拉传统与现代巴尔派词汇相似度为0.29,略低于通过查里亚帕达的佛教萨哈吉亚链(0.31)。该结果首次以多传统定量方式证实了孟加拉佛教-沙克塔融合的历史论断。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present a computational corpus study of vocabulary relationships across eight tradition layers of Bengali and Sanskrit devotional literature spanning the 8th to 19th centuries, encompassing Buddhist Vajrayana, Shakta Tantra, Vaishnava, and Baul traditions. Using a corpus of 75 texts and TF-IDF character n-gram vectorization with cosine similarity analysis, we address the historically argued but previously unquantified claim that Buddhist Vajrayana vocabulary survived the collapse of the Pala monasteries and was absorbed into the Shakta Tantra tradition of Bengal. The central finding is a specificity result: the Gitagovinda (Vaishnava Sanskrit, 12th century) has zero cosine similarity to Shakta Kali texts, while Bridge Tara texts (Buddhist-Shakta transitional, same century, same language) have cosine similarity 0.54 to Shakta Kali. This 8.5-fold contrast between two Sanskrit traditions from the same century demonstrates that the Buddhist-Shakta vocabulary overlap is not a generic property of Sanskrit devotional literature but is specific to the Buddhist-Shakta transmission chain. Three Brihannilatantra Tara texts show Shakta-to-Buddhist vocabulary ratios of 2.0 to 4.0, constituting measurable evidence of lexical transition within that chain. Ramprasad Sen's 18th-century Bengali Kali songs preserve Buddhist vocabulary residue including 56 occurrences of Tara alongside 103 occurrences of Kali. The Vaishnava Bengali tradition contributes a parallel chain to modern Baul vocabulary (similarity 0.29), slightly weaker than the Buddhist Sahajiya chain via Charyapada (0.31). These results provide the first quantitative multi-tradition corroboration of historically argued Buddhist-Shakta syncretism in Bengal.

数字人文宗教研究词汇传播文本分析

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。