用AI融合多源数据,把碳足迹分析结果转化为可执行的减排策略。
LCAi: Life Cycle Assessment with big data fusion and retrieval-augmented generation-assisted interpretation

- 构建多视角检索增强生成框架,融合学术、产业、公众与欧盟政策数据。
- 在意大利苹果厂案例中实现氢能源替代柴油的减排路径生成,避免AI幻觉。
- 适合关注可持续技术落地的政策制定者与企业决策者参考。
生命周期评估(LCA)的解释阶段常缺乏将量化改进机会转化为应对技术、社会与政策不确定性的可行动战略的结构化机制。为此,本研究提出一种面向视角的检索增强生成框架,结合多视角检索与受控合成,用于人工智能辅助的LCA解释。通过构建涵盖学术、产业、公众话语及欧盟资助项目的视角融合RAG架构,并以场景锚点定义系统边界与脱碳目标,生成一组限定检索的特定视角微查询,最终通过仅整合已记录输出的中立合成步骤完成。该框架在使用GPT-5 nano推理模型的意大利苹果生产设施氢能源替代柴油减碳用例中得到验证。整体设计旨在降低幻觉风险,同时保留跨领域多样性。该方法有助于更严谨地将影响结果转化为战略路径,为大规模部署技术的LCA研究中高级AI工具的应用开辟新途径。此概念验证展示了基于证据的AI辅助解释如何支持超越传统LCA的实施导向决策。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The interpretation phase of life cycle assessment often lacks structured mechanisms for translating quantified improvement opportunities addressing environmental hotspots into actionable strategic pathways under technological, social, and policy uncertainty. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces a perspective-conditioned retrieval-augmented generation framework for LCA interpretation, where a multi-perspective retrieval and controlled synthesis is incorporated in the artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted LCA. To operationalise large language models in LCA interpretation, a perspective fusion RAG architecture was developed, covering academic, industry, public discourse, and European union (EU) funding datasets. Our approach comprises three steps: (1) a scenario anchor defining system boundaries and decarbonization targets, (2) a set of perspective-specific micro-queries with constrained retrieval, and (3) a neutral synthesis step integrating only ledger-stored outputs without further retrieval. The framework is demonstrated through a hydrogen-enabled diesel reduction use case in an Italian apple production facility using GPT-5 nano as the reasoning model. Overall, the structured retrieval and constrained synthesis are designed to mitigate the risk of hallucination while preserving cross-domain diversity. The approach presented can support more disciplined translation of impact results into strategic pathways and opens up new avenues for the use of advanced AI tools in LCA studies, particularly those focused on technologies that could be deployed at scale. This proof-of-concept demonstrates how AI-assisted, evidence-grounded interpretation can support implementation-oriented decision-making beyond conventional LCA studies.
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