用可重构智能表面优化毫米波切换，提升连接可靠性与能效。
RIS-Assisted Proactive Handover for Reliable mmWave Wireless Networks
- 通过粒子群优化动态配置智能表面元素数量，平衡性能与延迟。
- 减少12%的智能表面单元可降低10%能耗，且信噪比不变。
- 在遮挡区域提升15-30 dB信号强度，适合高时延敏感场景。
毫米波网络易受视距阻塞影响。视觉辅助无线通信可实现主动切换以缓解此问题，但当附近无基站可用时，主动切换难以实现。此时，可重构智能表面（RIS）可用于恢复连接。为确保及时切换，必须考虑RIS配置时间，因大量RIS单元可能限制其在时敏场景中的响应速度。本文提出一种新型RIS辅助主动切换方法，通过优化分配的RIS单元数量，在切换时序约束下平衡信号处理复杂度与链路质量，提升能效。基于粒子群优化（PSO）构建离线求解的优化问题，确定最优端到端RIS链路配置。结果表明，减少12%的RIS单元可使功耗降低10%，同时保持信噪比不变；在遮挡区域，信号强度提升15–30 dB，且主动切换时机准确。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks are highly susceptible to line-of-sight (LoS) blockages. Vision-aided wireless communications (VAWC) enable proactive handovers (PHO) to mitigate such blockages; however, PHO becomes challenging when no nearby base station (BS) is available. In such cases, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) can be used to restore connectivity. To ensure timely PHO, the RIS configuration time must be taken into account, as the large number of RIS elements can limit responsiveness in time-sensitive scenarios. This work proposes a novel RIS-assisted PHO approach that optimizes the number of allocated RIS elements to balance signal processing complexity and link quality under handover timing constraints, making the RIS-assisted link more energy-efficient. An optimization problem based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is formulated to determine the optimal end-to-end RIS link setup that runs offline to bypass latency constraints. Results show that reducing the number of RIS elements by 12\% leads to a 10\% decrease in dissipated energy without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the RIS-assisted link achieves a 15--30 dB improvement in blocked regions while maintaining accurate PHO timing.
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