arXiv:2606.27385cs.LGcs.CV2026-06被引 1

新评分方法让RANSAC自动适应数据好坏,无需人工调参。

RANSAC Scoring Done Right

  • 先固定内点划分,用共轭逆伽马先验解析积分尺度参数。
  • 在近7万张图像对上测试,阈值误设时性能稳定,两组样本即可达最优。
  • 适合数据少或特征质量不稳的场景,如自动驾驶、医学影像匹配。

当前最常用的RANSAC变体通过统计内点数量或对点分求和来评分,但都依赖用户设定与内点尺度相关的参数,而该参数需从含噪声数据中估计。本文提出反向推理:在固定内点划分下,对内点尺度进行解析边缘化,采用共轭逆伽马先验,得到闭式表达式,再优化内点划分。该评分公式统一涵盖无信息的Jeffreys先验与有信息的经验贝叶斯先验,可在数据丰富与稀疏场景间自适应,无需算法改动。该方法首次实现内点尺度完全脱离评分公式。计算复杂度为O(N log N),可通过排序扫描法实现。在近70,000对图像的基准测试中,涵盖多种双视图估计任务及手工与学习特征管线,所提方法优于RANSAC、MSAC、GaU、MAGSAC:在阈值误设下性能几乎不变,仅需2个验证样本即逼近最优精度(基线需约100倍样本),且随验证数据减少自动增强正则化强度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The most widely used RANSAC variants score candidate models by counting inliers or summing per-point scores that saturate beyond a residual threshold. Every such score requires a user-supplied parameter that is a function of the inlier scale, which must itself be estimated from contaminated data. We remove this dependence by reversing the usual order of inference: rather than estimating the scale and then scoring against it, we marginalize the inlier scale analytically in closed form under a conjugate Inverse-Gamma prior for a fixed inlier partition, then optimize over partitions. A single closed-form expression spans the non-informative Jeffreys limit and informative empirical-Bayes priors, so the same score adapts across data-rich and data-scarce regimes without any change to the algorithm. The proposed RANSAC score is the first in which the inlier scale is genuinely absent from the formula. The score admits O(N log N ) computation via sort-and-sweep. On a benchmark of nearly 70 000 image pairs spanning different two-view estimation problems and both engineered and learned feature pipelines, the proposed score exceeds the state of the art (RANSAC, MSAC, GaU, MAGSAC): it stays nearly flat under threshold miscalibration where baselines degrade, reaches near-optimal accuracy from as few as two validation pairs where baselines need ont he order of 100 times more,. and tightens its prior regularization as validation data grows scarce.

RANSAC鲁棒估计计算机视觉贝叶斯

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