arXiv:2606.27491cs.CV2026-06被引 1

只需点几下就能精准分割3D森林点云中的单棵树,效率远超现有方法。

SelectAnyTree: A Promptable Instance Segmentation Model for 3D Forest LiDAR Point Clouds

论文配图:SelectAnyTree: A Promptable Instance Segmentation Model for 3D Forest LiDAR Point Clouds
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过点击生成查询,结合轻量编码与状态空间解码,快速定位目标树
  • 单次点击即达79.9%交并比,比最强基线高24.7个百分点
  • 适合需要高效交互式分割的林业、生态研究者使用

在森林LiDAR点云中进行实例分割面临标注稀缺难题:一公顷含数百万点与数百棵重叠树冠,手动标注耗时,自动预分割又缺乏交互修正能力。受基础分割模型提示范式启发,我们提出SelectAnyTree,仅需少量点击即可精确分割任意单棵树,专为3D森林点云的可提示实例分割设计。该模型包含三个轻量级模块:(1)稀疏体素场景编码器,一次性将森林嵌入可复用特征;(2)点击转查询编码器,将每个点击转化为包含3D位置、正负极性及最近体素主干特征的查询;(3)状态空间查询解码器,以线性时间复杂度生成树掩码,并引入掩码反馈机制,使每次迭代基于前一轮结果优化。新增一棵树仅需一次轻量提示编码与解码,全模型仅1940万参数,显著少于此前提示型3D模型。此外,利用林地感知信息,通过点云几何计算冠层高程模型(CHM),检测树顶作为局部极大值,并将其作为免费初始点击。在七个不同森林区域及独立测试集上,SelectAnyTree仅用一次点击即实现79.9%的交并比(IoU),较最强提示基线高出24.7点,且以最少点击数达到各精度目标。源代码见https://github.com/thanhhff/SelectAnyTree。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Instance segmentation of trees in forest LiDAR point clouds is constrained by label scarcity: A single hectare holds millions of points and hundreds of overlapping tree crowns, making manual annotation laborious, while automatic pre-segmentations offer no interactive refinement. Inspired by the promptable paradigm of foundation segmentation models, we propose SelectAnyTree, which delineates any individual tree in a 3D forest point cloud from a few clicks and is purpose-built for promptable instance segmentation of 3D forest LiDAR scenes. The proposed SelectAnyTree couples three lightweight stages: (1) Sparse voxel scene encoder that embeds the forest once into reusable features, (2) Click-to-query prompt encoder that turns each click into a single content query from its 3D position, positive/negative polarity, and the backbone feature of its nearest voxel, and (3) State-space query decoder that converts this query into one tree mask with linear-time complexity, with a mask feedback that conditions each refinement round on the previous mask. Each additional tree therefore costs only a lightweight prompt-encoding and decoding pass, and the full model requires just 19.4 M parameters, far fewer than prior promptable 3D models. Additionally, we exploit forest-aware information by detecting treetops as local maxima of the Canopy Height Model (CHM) computed from the scene geometry, and associating one with the user's click as a free initial click. Across seven diverse forest regions and an independent held-out dataset, SelectAnyTree segments a target tree to 79.9 Intersection-over-Union (IoU) from a single click, 24.7 points above the strongest promptable baseline, and reaches every accuracy target with the fewest clicks. The source code is available at https://github.com/thanhhff/SelectAnyTree.

3D分割点云处理森林监测交互分割

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