arXiv:2606.27780cs.AI2026-06被引 1

揭示图结构世界模型中误差累积机制,提出稳定长程规划的新训练方法。

Understanding Rollout Error in Graph World Models

论文配图:Understanding Rollout Error in Graph World Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建统一框架分析图世界模型的误差传播,区分拓扑与模型因素影响。
  • 发现动态边结构下节点与边误差会相互放大,导致规划失败。
  • 提出新训练目标,在不牺牲单步精度下提升长期规划稳定性。

世界模型广泛用于规划,但现有研究多基于向量状态和标量误差放大假设。许多规划环境本质为图结构:智能体、工具、技能、路径与依赖关系通过动态关系交互。本文研究图世界模型(GWM)中的预测误差累积问题。在统一的状态-动作转移框架下,推导固定边与动态边场景的拓扑感知误差界。对固定边情形,长期节点误差分解为由图谱半径决定的拓扑因子和由层谱范数决定的模型因子;对动态边情形,引入联合节点-边误差算子,揭示结构预测误差如何通过消息传递反馈放大未来预测。基于此,提出误差感知的GWM训练目标,结合谱正则化、回溯一致性与关键节点加权。在合成图拓扑与异构智能体-图测试集上,验证了误差与规划遗憾随规划时长远超增长,动态边训练在结构演化时必要,且所提方法在保持单步精度的同时显著提升长程稳定性。结果阐明了图世界模型在自回归规划下的可靠性边界。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

World models are increasingly used for planning, yet most analyses of rollout error assume vector-valued states and scalar error amplification. Many planning environments, however, are naturally graph-structured: agents, tools, skills, routes, and dependencies interact through evolving relations. In this work, we study how prediction errors accumulate in Graph World Models (GWMs). We formulate fixed-edge and dynamic-edge GWM rollouts under a unified state-action transition framework and derive topology-aware error bounds. For fixed-edge rollouts, we show that long-horizon node error separates into a topology factor, governed by the graph spectral radius, and a model factor, governed by layer spectral norms. For dynamic-edge rollouts, we introduce a joint node-edge error operator that captures feedback between feature prediction and structure prediction, revealing when edge errors amplify future message passing. Motivated by these bounds, we propose Error-Aware GWM, a training objective that combines spectral regularization, rollout consistency, and critical-node weighting. Across synthetic graph topologies and heterogeneous agent-graph testbeds, we find that rollout error and planning regret grow with horizon, that dynamic-edge training is necessary when structure evolves, and that Error-Aware GWM improves long-horizon stability without sacrificing one-step accuracy. Our results characterize when graph world models remain reliable under autoregressive planning and when topology makes them fail.

图神经网络世界模型误差分析规划

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