开源工具包统一连续吸引子神经网络研究全流程,加速脑机制模拟与实证分析。
CANNs: A Toolkit for Research on Continuous Attractor Neural Networks

- 基于BrainPy/JAX的Python库,支持1D/2D CANN及网格细胞等生物启发模型
- Rust后端实现数百倍速度提升,显著加速空间导航仿真与拓扑分析
- 集成持久同调算法,可从真实神经数据中检测环状与环面吸引子结构
连续吸引子神经网络(CANN)是解释大脑编码空间位置、头部方向和运动方向的典型计算框架,能够说明海马区位置细胞、内嗅皮层网格细胞和头向细胞的活动。然而,当前CANN研究分散:多数成果依赖实验室自研代码,通用仿真器缺乏针对CANN的抽象,且从尖峰序列到吸引子几何的分析路径缺乏标准化工具。本文提出一个完整的开源工具包,整合全链条CANN研究工作流。包含三个紧密集成组件:1)canns,基于BrainPy/JAX的Python库,提供标准的一维/二维CANN、尖峰频率适应变体、网格细胞网络、分层路径积分模型及类脑吸引子架构,附带数据集、任务生成器、分析模块和符合生物学的可塑性训练模块;2)canns-lib,基于Rust的加速后端,为空间导航任务提供数百倍速度提升,对基于Ripser的持久同调分析也有明显加速;3)ASA(吸引子结构分析器),基于PySide6的流程,应用持久同调与上同调分析实验神经记录,识别真实数据中的环状与环面吸引子特征。工具包配备完整可复现的流水线,能重现近期关键结果,包括SFA驱动的预测追踪、头向/位置/网格系统中的θ振荡、以及分层路径积分。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Continuous attractor neural networks (CANNs) are the canonical computational framework for how the brain encodes continuous variables such as spatial position, head direction, and movement direction, and explain the activity of hippocampal place cells, entorhinal grid cells, and head-direction cells. CANN research, however, is fragmented: most results rest on lab-specific implementations, general-purpose simulators lack CANN-specific abstractions, and the path from spike trains to attractor geometry in real recordings lacks a standardized toolkit. Here, we present a comprehensive open-source toolkit that unifies the full CANN research workflow. It combines three tightly integrated components: 1) canns, a Python library on BrainPy/JAX that provides standardized 1D/2D CANNs, spike-frequency-adaptation variants, grid cell networks, hierarchical path-integration models, and brain-inspired attractor architectures, together with curated datasets, task generators, an analyzer module and trainer modules for biologically plausible plasticity; 2) canns-lib, a Rust acceleration backend delivering hundreds-of-times speedups for spatial-navigation workloads and modest gains for Ripser-based persistent homology; 3) ASA (Attractor Structure Analyzer), a PySide6 pipeline applying persistent homology and cohomology to experimental neural recordings to detect ring-like and toroidal attractor signatures in real data. The toolkit ships with full-detail reproducible pipelines that recover recent CANN results including SFA-driven anticipative tracking, theta sweeps in head-direction/place/grid systems, and hierarchical path integration.
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