LXD-SLAM支持32种传感器组合,实现高精度实时稠密建图。
LXD-SLAM: LiDAR+X Dense SLAM with $\sum_{i=0}^{5}C_5^i$ Configurable Sensor Combinations

- 基于3D激光雷达,可灵活接入相机、IMU等五类传感器
- 采用统一误差状态卡尔曼滤波,实现实时全局一致建图
- 适合多平台自动驾驶系统,尤其需高鲁棒性导航的场景
同时定位与建图(SLAM)对自主系统至关重要,但在复杂环境中仍面临几何退化和传感器漂移导致的可靠位姿估计与稠密建图难题。现有系统常缺乏模块化设计,依赖数学不一致的融合方式或次优的地图表示。为此,我们提出LXD-SLAM(LiDAR+X稠密SLAM),一种高度灵活且统一的多传感器融合框架。以3D激光雷达为核心,系统支持激光雷达、相机、IMU、轮速计和GNSS的即插即用集成,最多支持32种传感器组合。采用数学统一的迭代误差状态卡尔曼滤波器,结合自适应分层预测策略,并通过最小化点到网格距离与视觉重投影误差进行更新。环境建模采用连续多层高斯过程(GP)子网格,支持高效射线-网格深度恢复。为保证全局一致性,引入从GP子网格衍生的扩展扫描上下文(ESC)描述符,并结合双向PnP优化,在混合位姿图中实现鲁棒的多模态回环检测。在公开数据集与真实场景中的大量实验表明,LXD-SLAM在多种配置下表现媲美或超越现有专用里程计方案,且能实时生成高保真、全局一致的稠密网格地图。代码与数据将在论文发布后开源于https://github.com/peterWon/LXD-SLAM。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is essential for autonomous systems, yet achieving reliable, globally consistent pose estimation and dense mapping in complex environments remains challenging due to geometric degeneracy and sensor drift. While multi-sensor fusion addresses these issues, existing systems often lack the modularity to adapt to diverse platforms and rely on mathematically inconsistent fusion or suboptimal map representations. To address these limitations, we propose LXD-SLAM (LiDAR+X Dense SLAM), a highly versatile and unified multi-sensor fusion framework. Centered around 3D LiDAR, our system allows for the plug-and-play integration of LiDAR, Camera, IMU, Wheel Encoder, and GNSS, supporting up to 32 distinct sensor combinations. We employ a mathematically unified Iterative Error-Sate Kalman Filter with an adaptive hierarchical prediction strategy and an update step that minimizes point-to-mesh distances and visual reprojection errors. To support this, the environment is modeled using continuous multi-layered Gaussian Process (GP) sub-meshes, which enables efficient ray-to-mesh depth recovery for visual features. For global consistency, we introduce an Extended Scan Context (ESC) descriptor derived from the GP sub-meshes alongside a Bidirectional PnP optimization for robust multi-modal loop closure within a hybrid pose graph. Extensive evaluations on public datasets and real-world experiments demonstrate that LXD-SLAM matches or exceeds state-of-the-art specialized odometry solutions across various configurations while generating high-fidelity, globally consistent dense meshes in real-time. The relevant codes and data will be made available at https://github.com/peterWon/LXD-SLAM upon publication.
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