arXiv:2606.27935cs.CV2026-06中稿 · MICCAI 2026

无需标注数据,用结构掩码生成高保真病理图像。

Controllable Histopathology Image Synthesis with Training-free Structural Initialization and Textural Modulation

论文配图:Controllable Histopathology Image Synthesis with Training-free Structural Initialization and Textural Modulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用频域相位+高斯幅值初始化噪声,生成结构先验起点。
  • 多尺度小波分解下动态调节粗细纹理,保持组织风格。
  • 仅用预训练模型即可生成匹配结构的图像,适合医学影像合成。

深度学习在高通量病理图像分析中表现卓越,但其性能高度依赖专家标注的质量与数量,而标注过程耗时费力。为缓解数据稀缺与标注负担,已有方法尝试合成成对的病理图像,但多数仍需少量标注数据来施加结构约束。本文提出CHIS,一个即插即用框架,通过两个关键阶段引导预训练扩散模型的采样轨迹:起始阶段进行结构初始化,生成阶段进行纹理调制。初始噪声通过融合先验掩码的相位信息与高斯噪声的幅值,在频域中重构出具有结构先验的起始状态;在反向扩散过程中,自适应调节不同小波分解层级上的粗粒度与细粒度纹理。该方法仅依赖预训练于无标注图像的扩散模型,即可生成符合先验结构掩码且保留参考组织纹理的图像。大量实验表明,CHIS在生成保真度上表现优越,并显著提升下游分割任务性能。代码已开源:https://github.com/IBIL-Code/CHIS。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep learning has demonstrated remarkable success in high-throughput histopathology image analysis. However, the performance of learning-based models critically depends on the quality and size of annotations by expert pathologists, which is a resource-intensive and time-consuming process. To address the limitations of data scarcity and annotation burden, several methods have been proposed to synthesize paired histopathology data. Nevertheless, these frameworks typically still require annotation data, albeit in reduced quantities, to impose structural constraints during training. In this work, we present CHIS, a plug-in framework that guides the sampling trajectory of a pretrained diffusion model through two key stages: structural initialization at the start and textural modulation during generation. The initial noise state is refined by fusing the phase information from a prior mask with the amplitude of Gaussian noise in the frequency domain, yielding a structurally informed starting point. During the reverse diffusion process, we adaptively modulate both coarse-grained and fine-grained textures at different wavelet decomposition levels. This enables a diffusion model pretrained solely on unlabeled images to generate outputs that align with prior structural masks while preserving the reference tissue style. We conducted extensive experiments demonstrating the superiority of CHIS in generation fidelity and its substantial benefits for downstream segmentation tasks. Code is available at https://github.com/IBIL-Code/CHIS.

病理图像生成扩散模型无监督结构控制

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