arXiv:2606.28192cs.RO2026-06

提出一种动态主辅协作框架,让机械臂分工更像人手协同操作。

PA-BiCoop: A Primary-Auxiliary Cooperative Framework for General Bimanual Manipulation

论文配图:PA-BiCoop: A Primary-Auxiliary Cooperative Framework for General Bimanual Manipulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 主臂负责核心动作,副臂提供辅助,角色可随任务阶段自动调整。
  • 在仿真和真实场景中均比现有方法平均提升48%和50%以上。
  • 无需预先设定左右臂角色,适合复杂多变的双臂操作任务。

双臂操作对先进机器人系统至关重要,因其相比单臂配置具有更高效率与灵活性。然而,现有方法或缺乏臂间交互,或忽略动态分工需求,将两臂视为功能等同。为此,本文受人类双臂操作启发,提出PA-BiCoop——一种基于单模型的双臂协作框架,支持任务阶段内动态的主-辅角色分化。该框架将机械臂分为主臂与副臂,角色可自适应调整;共享全局特征编码器,配备两个专用解码器:主解码器生成主臂基坐标位姿及核心任务可操作性热图,副解码器输出副臂相对于主臂坐标系的相对位姿。此外,设计了动态角色分配模块,可自动将角色映射至左/右臂,无需人工预定义。该设计促进臂间知识共享与协同操作。大量实验证明,PA-BiCoop在RLBench2仿真任务中平均性能优于最先进基线48%,在真实世界任务中平均提升超50%,验证了其在双臂操作中的有效性与先进性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Bimanual manipulation is essential for advanced robotic systems because it offers higher efficiency and flexibility compared to single-arm configurations. However, existing approaches either lack inter-arm interaction or ignore the need for a dynamic division of labor, treating the arms as functionally equivalent. To address these limitations, this paper draws inspiration from human bimanual manipulation where one arm handles core operations and the other provides auxiliary support, and proposes PA-BiCoop, a new single-model bimanual cooperation framework with dynamic primary-auxiliary arm differentiation. PA-BiCoop categorizes robotic arms into primary and auxiliary arms with adaptively adjustable roles across task stages, employs two specialized decoders that share a global feature encoder: the primary decoder generates the primary arm's base-coordinate pose and core-task affordance heatmaps, and the auxiliary decoder outputs the auxiliary arm's relative pose in the primary arm's coordinate system. Moreover, we design a dynamic role assignment module to automatically map roles to left/right arms without manual pre-definition. This design facilitates inter-arm knowledge sharing and coordinated manipulation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our PA-BiCoop achieves superior performance: it outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by 48% on average in RLBench2 simulation tasks and by over 50% on average in real world tasks, thereby verifying its effectiveness and advancement in bimanual manipulation.

双臂操作协作框架机器人

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