arXiv:2606.28467cs.LGcs.AI2026-06中稿 · presentation at th…

用智能体系统自动识别电器异常并生成维修建议,让非专业人员也能轻松处理能耗问题。

An Agentic AI Pipeline for Appliance-Level Energy Anomaly Detection and LLM-Driven Recommendations

论文配图:An Agentic AI Pipeline for Appliance-Level Energy Anomaly Detection and LLM-Driven Recommendations
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建多阶段智能体流水线,融合时间序列预测与大模型推理,实现从数据到建议的自动化
  • 在16种场景下测试,最佳模型达90.4分,7B本地模型也能全部通过,准确率100%
  • 动态检索策略减少一半上下文来源,兼顾效率与效果,适合建筑运维人员使用

办公建筑中的电器级能耗监测常产生大量噪声警报,非专业设施管理人员难以应对。本文提出一个端到端的智能体流程,结合深度时序预测、变分异常检测和大模型驱动推理,生成优先级明确、可操作的维护建议。系统通过混合奇异谱分析(SSA)与长短期记忆网络(LSTM)模型跟踪七类办公电器,采用带注意力机制的设备专属LSTM变分自编码器(VAE)识别每日异常用电行为。三阶段LangChain流程中,上下文代理始终调用三个核心RAG源(模型可靠性、小时基准、专家知识),并根据事件特征有条件添加最多三个额外源(预测上下文、异常历史、全局基准),每事件最多八步推理。诊断代理将证据转化为结构化JSON诊断,报告代理生成可读叙述。系统配备反馈记忆层。仪表盘实时展示30分钟预测、日内消耗、昨日异常报告及反馈表单。我们在16个场景基准上评估了预测模型、具设备阈值的异常检测器以及大模型推理能力,涵盖持续与瞬时峰值、意外停机、系统性事件等,对比五种大模型后端在静态与动态检索下的表现。动态检索在所有后端上达到与全静态检索相当的效果,平均上下文源从六降至三至六个。最优后端得分为90.4/100,70分阈值下通过率达100%,且一个完全本地部署的7B参数模型也通过全部16个场景。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Appliance-level energy monitoring in office buildings produces noisy alerts that non-expert facility managers struggle to use. This paper proposes an end-to-end agentic pipeline that combines deep time-series forecasting, variational anomaly detection, and LLM-based reasoning to generate prioritized, actionable maintenance recommendations. The system tracks seven office appliances using a hybrid Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) forecasting model, and applies a per-appliance LSTM Variational Autoencoder (VAE) with attention to flag abnormal daily consumption episodes. A three-stage LangChain pipeline begins with a Context Agent that always retrieves three core RAG sources (model reliability, hourly baseline, and expert knowledge) and conditionally adds up to three more (forecast context, anomaly history, global baseline) based on event characteristics, capped at eight reasoning steps. A Diagnosis Agent converts the evidence into a structured JSON diagnosis, and a Report Agent renders a human-readable narrative. A reflective memory layer incorporates operator feedback. The dashboard shows real-time 30-minute forecasts, intraday consumption, the previous day anomaly report, and a feedback form. We evaluate the forecasting model, anomaly detector with appliance-specific thresholds, and LLM reasoning on a 16-scenario benchmark including sustained and transient spikes, unexpected shutdowns, and systemic events, comparing five LLM backends under static vs. dynamic retrieval. Dynamic retrieval matches full static retrieval across all backends while cutting average context from six to three-six sources per event. The best backend scores 90.4/100 with a 100% pass rate at a 70-point threshold, and a fully local 7B-parameter model passes all 16 scenarios.

异常检测智能体系统能耗管理大模型应用

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