让护理机器人在不同环境和体型下自动适应,安全完成日常照护任务。
Embodiment Meets Environment: Toward Context-Aware, Safe Physical Caregiving Robots

- 用动态场景图统一建模人、环境与机器人,实时调整动作
- 同一技能模板零样本适配多种环境与机器人,成功率超90%
- 适合开发可通用的智能护理机器人,尤其关注安全性
物理护理机器人需在多样环境与用户中完成各类任务,且具有不同机械形态。尽管单个护理任务已有进展,现有系统大多绑定特定环境与机器人形态,且未显式建模或约束与人的交互,而人类是环境中特殊主体。为此,我们提出 $E^2$-CARE 框架,通过将基础护理技能表示为交互模板,并在线重塑其执行方式,实现上下文感知的自适应。该框架在统一的3D动态场景图中建模环境、机器人与人类,显式刻画交互上下文,并生成任务特定约束以指导技能执行。运行时强制这些约束,使相同技能模板可在零样本条件下安全复用于多种环境与机器人形态。我们在数百个模拟家庭环境中评估了四种日常生活活动,并在多种机器人形态上验证;通过两台机器人在真实环境中的用户研究进一步确认。结果表明,系统在跨环境与形态下均表现出一致且成功的适应能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Physical caregiving robots need to assist different users with different tasks in diverse environments, and they come in many embodiments. While substantial progress has been made on individual caregiving tasks, most existing systems remain tightly coupled to specific environments and robot embodiments, and often do not explicitly model or constrain interactions around people, despite humans being special agents in the environment. This motivates a focus on adapting to context that emerges from the joint interaction between the environment and the robot's embodiment. We propose $E^2$-CARE, a framework that enables context-aware adaptation by representing primitive caregiving skills as interaction templates whose execution is reshaped online. $E^2$-CARE represents the environment, the robot, and the human within a unified 3D dynamic scene graph that models these interaction contexts explicitly, and synthesizes task-specific constraints to govern how each skill is executed. By enforcing these constraints at runtime, the same skill templates can be reused zero-shot and safely across diverse environments and robot embodiments. We evaluate $E^2$-CARE across four activities of daily living in hundreds of simulated household environments, including assistive home settings, and across diverse robot embodiments, and validate it through user studies on two caregiving tasks with two robots in various real-world environments. Results demonstrate consistent and successful adaptation across these environments and embodiments. Website: https://emprise.cs.cornell.edu/e2care
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