arXiv:2606.28753eess.IVcs.CV2026-06

用背景种子帧替换静态画面,大幅降低监控视频编码体积。

BLUE: A Stale-Pixel Optical-Flow Compositor for Entropy-Efficient Surveillance Video Encoding

  • 编码前用恒定背景帧替换静止区域,减少重复编码。
  • 在CRF 28下平均节省34.6%~39.4%存储空间,95%以上片段受益。
  • 可选择性启用,90%以上片段感知质量几乎无损。

持续录制的监控系统面临存储压力,仅靠码率控制无法根本解决:即使使用激进的CRF设置,静态摄像头场景仍需大量比特重编码未变化的背景。本文提出BLUE,一种预编码合成器,通过维护一个持久的背景种子帧,在编码前将背景像素替换为种子帧像素。编码器因此对冻结背景发出近乎零成本的SKIP宏块,而前景活动区域像素则以全质量不变传递。我们在VIRAT Ground Surveillance Release 2.0数据集的308个标注短片段上,采用x264和x265进行六点CRF扫描评估。在CRF 28时,BLUE在95.8% / 99.4%的片段上分别实现34.6%(x264)/39.4%(x265)的文件大小压缩。前景区域PSNR(仅在VIRAT对象标注框内计算)在60.7%片段上保持或提升(平均+0.36 dB,最大+5.48 dB)。全帧感知质量(VMAF)中位下降6.75-8.59分;我们明确量化并披露该权衡。通过测量2秒前缀的合成器自身VMAF,识别出40%片段的全帧质量下降接近不可察觉(Delta VMAF ≤ -2.9),支持选择性激活策略,在保留存储收益的同时保证可接受的感知保真度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Continuous-recording surveillance systems face a storage problem that codec tuning alone cannot fully solve: even at aggressive CRF settings, a static-camera scene spends most of its bits re-encoding a background that has not changed. We present BLUE, a pre-encode compositor that exploits this structure by maintaining a persistent seed frame of the background and substituting background pixels with seed pixels before the encoder runs. The encoder then emits near-free SKIP macroblocks for the frozen background, while live pixels in foreground regions are carried unchanged at full quality. We evaluate BLUE on all 308 annotated short subclips from the VIRAT Ground Surveillance Release 2.0 dataset using a six-point CRF sweep with both x264 and x265. At CRF 28, BLUE reduces file size by a mean of 34.6% (x264) / 39.4% (x265) on 95.8% / 99.4% of clips respectively. Foreground-region PSNR, computed only over VIRAT object-annotation bounding boxes, is preserved or improved on 60.7% of clips (+0.36 dB mean, +5.48 dB maximum). Full-frame perceptual quality (VMAF) drops by a median of 6.75-8.59 points; we quantify and disclose this trade-off explicitly. A lightweight deployment gate measuring the compositor's own VMAF on a 2-second prefix identifies the 40% of clips where even full-frame quality degradation is near-imperceptible (Delta VMAF <= -2.9), enabling a selective-activation strategy that retains both the storage benefit and acceptable perceptual fidelity.

视频编码监控优化压缩技术感知质量

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