arXiv:2606.28827cs.RO2026-06中稿 · publication at IEE…

LNN-Fly让无人机在时间不同步下仍能精准避障,提升真实飞行鲁棒性。

LNN-Fly: Continuous-Time UAV Navigation for Robust Obstacle Avoidance under Timing Mismatch

论文配图:LNN-Fly: Continuous-Time UAV Navigation for Robust Obstacle Avoidance under Timing Mismatch
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计连续时间策略,显式处理控制间隔Δt与感知延迟问题。
  • 真实飞行20次零样本迁移成功,平均延迟仅0.514毫秒(GPU)。
  • 适合需要高实时性与强鲁棒性的无人机自主导航场景。

端到端无人机导航在仿真中表现优异,但部署后因模拟器偏差、感知不规则和变率控制导致避障性能下降。尤其在复杂环境,过时观测或短时控制异常易引发碰撞。本文提出LNN-Fly,一种面向部署的基于激光雷达的连续时间导航策略。该策略结合受动态规划启发的结构化循环更新、对控制间隔Δt的显式条件建模,以及输入驱动的自适应遗忘门,在危险区域刷新过时隐状态,同时保持持续机动时的一致性。训练采用包含部署相关感知与时间扰动的可微滚动。仿真中,LNN-Fly在降低控制频率、稀疏观测及控制周期抖动下仍表现更优,并实现从简化可微仿真器到物理四旋翼的零样本迁移。在室内跨频率真实测试中,系统完成20次飞行全部成功,策略推理在桌面GPU上中位延迟0.514毫秒,机载CPU约2.5毫秒,机载P95延迟低于30毫秒。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

End-to-end unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation can achieve impressive agility in simulation, yet its obstacle-avoidance behavior often degrades after deployment because the policy must tolerate simulator mismatch, sensing irregularity, and variable-rate control. These effects are especially dangerous in cluttered environments, where stale observations or short control irregularities can directly lead to collisions. We present LNN-Fly, a deployment-oriented continuous-time navigation policy for LiDAR-based UAV obstacle avoidance. The policy combines a dynamic-programming-inspired structured recurrent update, explicit conditioning on the elapsed control interval Δt, and an input-driven adaptive forgetting gate that refreshes stale latent state near hazards while preserving consistency during sustained maneuvers. It is trained with differentiable rollouts that incorporate deployment-relevant sensing and timing perturbations. In simulation, LNN-Fly improves obstacle-avoidance performance in the tested settings and shows better tolerance to reduced control frequency, sparse observations, and control-period jitter. It also transfers zero-shot from a simplified differentiable simulator to a physical quadrotor. In indoor cross-frequency real-world tests, the system achieves 100% success over 20 flights, while policy inference has a median latency of 0.514 ms on a desktop graphics processing unit (GPU) and about 2.5 ms on the onboard central processing unit (CPU), with onboard P95 latency below 30 ms.

无人机导航连续时间避障实时系统

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