不同物种眼中的天空颜色可能完全不同。
What Color is the Sky (for a non-human) ?
- 用计算方法找出任意视觉系统对天光的单色匹配色
- 多数动物的天空匹配色与人类差异显著，有的甚至不在可见光范围
- 适合对动物视觉或跨物种感知感兴趣的读者
白天天空的光包含多种颜色，但人类感知为蓝色，这主要源于人眼视锥细胞的响应特性。在这些响应下，天光与蓝光是异谱同色（metamers）——它们对视锥细胞的刺激完全相同。本文提出一种简单计算方法，可为任意视觉系统确定天光的单色异谱同色。基于已发表的各类物种光谱敏感度数据，我们计算出多种生物（双色、三色、四色视觉者）对天光的单色匹配色主导波长。结果显示，尽管多数物种存在与天光匹配的单色光，但其主导波长在不同物种间差异极大，与人类感知的蓝色截然不同。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The light of the daytime sky contains a mixture of many colors yet is perceived as blue by human observers. This is largely due to the particular response functions of the human cones. Under these response functions skylight and blue light are metamers: they yield the exact same excitation of the cones. In this paper we ask: is it possible to define the ``color'' of the sky for other visual systems? We present a simple computational method to determine monochromatic metamers to a given input light for arbitrary visual systems. Using published values on spectral sensitivity functions of various species, we use our method to determine the dominant wavelength of monochromatic metamers to skylight. For a wide range of species (bichromats, trichromats and tetrachormats) we find monochromatic metamers to skylight but the dominant wavelength of the metamer can vary drastically between species and be very different from the color perceived by humans.
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