arXiv:2606.28995cs.RO2026-06

将安全分析与运动规划结合,让机器人在复杂环境中自动避障且计算极快。

HJ-SafeDMP: Hamilton-Jacobi Reachability-Guided Dynamic Movement Primitives for Provably Safe Robot Motion

论文配图:HJ-SafeDMP: Hamilton-Jacobi Reachability-Guided Dynamic Movement Primitives for Provably Safe Robot Motion
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用学习的哈密顿-雅可比安全值函数实时过滤动态运动基元输出
  • 实测速度比传统方法快数十倍,同时保证碰撞零风险
  • 适合需要高可靠性的机器人交互场景,如手术或工业协作

部署于安全关键环境中的机器人需在扰动下仍保持运动鲁棒性并严格避免碰撞。动态运动基元(DMPs)具备内在稳定性、时间灵活性及从单次演示中高效泛化的能力,但缺乏形式化安全证明。相反,哈密顿-雅可比(HJ)可达性分析可计算最坏情况下的安全裕度与前不变安全集,但经典网格方法面临维度灾难,难以用于实时控制。本文提出HJ-SafeDMP框架,将DMPs与基于学习的HJ可达性安全值函数相结合,实现可证明安全、鲁棒且计算高效的机器人运动。通过无模型有限差分HJ递推法,从离线演示数据中学习控制屏障值函数(CBVF),并以闭式控制律实时部署为安全滤波器,调制DMP输出。相比基于优化的CBF-QP方法,本方法无需在线求解二次规划,保持了DMP的计算效率。进一步引入期望值回归的离线学习目标,避免查询分布外动作,并采用置信预测校准步骤,提供有限样本下的概率安全覆盖。在7自由度机械臂上的实验表明,HJ-SafeDMP在较传统基准快数个数量级的同时,实现了形式化安全保证,且维持了人机交互中的鲁棒性与适应性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robots deployed in safety-critical environments must execute motions that are simultaneously robust to disturbances and provably safe from collisions. Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) offer inherent stability, temporal flexibility, and efficient trajectory generalization from single demonstrations, but they lack formal safety certificates. Conversely, Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) Reachability analysis provides a principled framework for computing worst-case safety margins and forward-invariant safe sets, but classical grid-based methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality and are impractical for real-time control. This paper introduces HJ-SafeDMP, a framework that integrates DMPs with learned HJ Reachability-based safety value functions to achieve provably safe, robust, and computationally efficient robot motion. We learn a Control Barrier Value Function (CBVF) from offline demonstration data using a model-free, finite-difference HJ recursion and deploy it as a real-time safety filter via a closed-form control law that modulates the DMP output. Unlike optimization-based CBF-QP approaches, our method achieves safety filtering without online quadratic program solves, preserving the computational efficiency of DMPs. We further incorporate an expectile-based offline learning objective that avoids querying out-of-distribution actions, and a conformal prediction calibration step that provides finite-sample probabilistic safety coverage. Experimental evaluation on a 7-DOF robot manipulator demonstrates that HJ-SafeDMP achieves formal safety guarantees with orders-of-magnitude faster execution than optimization-based baselines, while maintaining the robustness and adaptability of DMPs for human-robot interaction.

机器人安全运动规划强化学习形式化验证

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。