用多尺度网络提升脑部疾病MRI分类准确率,支持实时在线诊断。
A Deep Multiscale Neural Network for Accurate Neurological Disorder Detection from MRI Scans and Real-Time Web Deployment
- 设计24层深度网络,融合多分支卷积捕捉不同尺度特征。
- 在四类脑病数据集上达到98.7%准确率,优于现有模型。
- 支持网页实时推理,适合临床辅助诊断场景。
神经系统疾病涉及大脑与神经系统的多种病理,早期精准检测至关重要。尽管已有大量深度卷积网络用于基于MRI的神经系统疾病分类,但多数针对二分类任务,难以捕捉多类别间细微解剖差异。本文提出增强型神经系统疾病检测网络(End-Net),用于多类别MRI分类。End-Net包含24个卷积层,起始为卷积块,后接21个优化的Inception模块,通过并行1×1、3×3和分解5×5卷积分支及最大池化,提取互补的纹理、边缘、形状与上下文信息。采用全局平均池化头、紧凑全连接分类器和丢弃层减少参数量,降低过拟合,提升鲁棒性。在包含阿尔茨海默病、脑肿瘤、多发性硬化及健康对照的多类别神经系统疾病数据集上进行评估。针对严重类别不平衡问题,使用WGAN-GP扩充少数类,并随机下采样多数类。结果表明,End-Net在准确率与泛化能力上均优于现有架构。模型已集成至在线系统,实现实时网页端推理与可访问性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neurological disorders involve diverse pathologies of the brain and nervous system, making early and accurate detection essential. While many deep CNNs have been developed for MRI-based classification of neurological disorders, most are optimized for binary tasks and often fail to capture the multi-class features needed to distinguish subtle anatomical differences across conditions. This study proposes the Enhanced Neurological Disorder Detection Network (End-Net) for multi-class MRI classification of neurological disorders. End-Net includes 24 convolutional layers, beginning with convolutional blocks followed by 21 optimized inception modules. These modules extract multiscale features via parallel 1 x 1, 3 x 3, and factorized 5 x 5 convolutional branches, along with max pooling, enabling the model to capture complementary texture, edge, shape, and contextual information. A global average pooling head, compact fully connected classifier, and dropout reduce parameters, limit overfitting, and improve robustness. End-Net was evaluated on the Multi-Class Neurological Disorder dataset, comprising MRI scans from patients with Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and healthy controls. Severe class imbalance was addressed by augmenting minority classes with WGAN-GP and randomly undersampling the majority class. The results show that End-Net outperforms existing architectures in both accuracy and generalization. The model is also integrated into an online system for real-time web-based inference and accessibility.
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