arXiv:2606.29115cs.ROcs.AI2026-06中稿 · IEEE ITSC 2026

自动驾驶停不等于安全,需具备与人类互动能力。

When Stopping Fails: Rethinking Minimal Risk Conditions through Human-Interactive Autonomous Driving for Safe Transportation Systems

论文配图:When Stopping Fails: Rethinking Minimal Risk Conditions through Human-Interactive Autonomous Driving for Safe Transportation Systems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分析真实事故数据,发现单纯停车无法应对复杂交通
  • 指出当前系统缺乏理解人类指令和适应社会规则的能力
  • 主张发展人机协同的自动驾驶新范式,适合交通研究者

自动驾驶汽车在城市环境中的部署日益增多,但其安全框架仍主要基于碰撞规避和最小风险条件(MRC)行为,如遇不确定情况即减速或停车。尽管能降低即时碰撞风险,实际部署表明仅靠停车并不能确保安全融入由人类主导的道路系统。市政部门和公共记录显示,自动驾驶车辆的备用行为可能造成交通阻塞、干扰应急响应,并给乘客和行人带来通行障碍。本文分析了公开记录中涉及自动驾驶停车行为及人车交互失败的事故案例,依据感知、规划与控制三方面的局限性进行分类。通过该分类体系,识别出现有安全范式的关键缺陷,特别是缺乏对人类权威的理解、多模态指令响应以及对动态、社会性交通环境的适应能力。随后综述了支持人机交互感知、语言引导与无障碍规划、远程指导与遥控辅助控制等新兴研究方向。分析表明,需在现有安全框架中引入与人类及基础设施协作的能力。研究建议,实现可靠的城市自动驾驶部署,必须从被动退避策略转向人机协同的自主系统。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are increasingly deployed in urban environments, yet their safety frameworks remain primarily designed around collision avoidance and minimal risk condition (MRC) behaviors such as slowing or stopping when uncertainty arises. Although effective in reducing immediate crash risk, real-world deployments indicate that stopping alone does not guarantee safe integration into human-governed roadway systems. Incidents reported by municipalities and public records show that AV fallback behaviors can obstruct traffic, interfere with emergency response operations, and create accessibility challenges for passengers and pedestrians. This paper presents an analysis of publicly documented incidents involving AV stopping behavior and human-AV interaction failures. We categorize these incidents according to limitations in perception, planning, and control within current AV architectures. Using this taxonomy, we identify key gaps in existing safety paradigms, particularly the lack of mechanisms for interpreting human authority, responding to multimodal instructions, and adapting to dynamic, socially regulated traffic conditions. We then review emerging research directions that support human-interactive perception, language-grounded and accessibility-aware planning, and assisted control through remote guidance and teleoperation. The analysis highlights the need to augment current AV safety frameworks with capabilities that enable cooperative interaction with human agents and infrastructure. These findings suggest that reliable urban deployment of AVs requires moving beyond passive fallback strategies toward human-interactive autonomy.

自动驾驶人机交互安全框架

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