构建融合认知情感与人格的疏散模拟框架,更真实还原人群应急行为。
A Cognition-Emotion-Personality Framework for Modeling Human-Like Awareness and Behavior in Emergency Evacuations
- 引入动态事件认知、记忆遗忘与恐惧连续模型,模拟人类不确定性下的行为。
- 实验证明性格差异与情绪波动可导致延误、混乱与群体行为,降低疏散效率。
- 适合研究应急疏散、人因工程及心理行为建模的学者与工程师参考。
基于代理的疏散模拟广泛用于研究突发事件中的人群行为,但多数模型依赖于完美事件认知、完全出口知识和完全理性决策等假设。本文提出一个整合认知、情绪、社会与人格机制的扩展疏散框架。该框架包含基于连续事件确定性水平的动态事件认知机制,受获取、遗忘与回忆影响的记忆型出口知识表示,以及将恐慌视为高强状态的连续恐惧模型,并采用OCEAN人格模型,显式引入神经质影响恐惧生成、升级、社会传染与恢复。个体化决策阈值进一步捕捉行为异质性,影响对感知风险的响应。通过模拟实验评估了空间熟悉度、记忆稳健性、决策敏感性、情绪动态与人格变异的影响。结果表明,认知、情绪与人格驱动过程显著影响疏散动态,降低效率并产生延迟、混淆、受伤及社会影响行为等真实现象。该框架为紧急疏散中人类行为提供了更真实的表征,支持认知、情绪、人格与群集动力学相互作用的系统性研究。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Agent-based evacuation simulations are widely used to study crowd behavior during emergencies, but many models rely on assumptions such as perfect event awareness, complete exit knowledge, and fully rational decision-making. This paper presents an extended evacuation framework that integrates cognitive, emotional, social, and personality-related mechanisms into a unified model of human behavior under uncertainty. The framework incorporates a dynamic event-awareness mechanism based on a continuous Event Certainty Level, a memory-based representation of exit knowledge subject to acquisition, forgetting, and recall, a continuous fear model in which panic emerges as a high-intensity state, and an OCEAN-based personality representation. Neuroticism is explicitly integrated into the emotional model, influencing fear generation, escalation, social contagion, and recovery. Behavioral heterogeneity is further captured through individualized decision thresholds that affect responses to perceived risk. The framework is evaluated through simulation experiments examining the effects of spatial familiarity, memory robustness, decision sensitivity, emotional dynamics, and personality variation. Results show that cognitive, emotional, and personality-driven processes substantially influence evacuation dynamics, reducing evacuation efficiency and generating realistic crowd phenomena such as delays, confusion, injuries, and socially influenced behaviors. The proposed framework provides a more realistic representation of human behavior in emergency evacuations and supports systematic investigation of the interactions between cognition, emotion, personality, and crowd dynamics.
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