arXiv:2606.29271eess.SYcs.RO2026-06

用数百个廉价陀螺仪实现高精度导航,关键在预处理去噪与漂移补偿。

Robust Extended Kalman Filter for Land Navigation Using Massive Array of MEMS IMUs

  • 先用动态百分位筛选和实时偏置追踪,过滤异常读数并修正漂移。
  • 相比平均法,航向误差更小,漂移累积显著减少。
  • 适合低成本高可靠导航场景,如无人车、机器人在无卫星信号区

我们提出一种用于陆地导航的鲁棒扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)架构,利用数百个低成本微机电系统(MEMS)惯性传感器阵列。主要挑战包括突发性传感器特异性偏置误差、偏置漂移,以及在不增加导航滤波器计算负担的前提下融合大量惯性测量数据。为此,我们引入鲁棒惯性传感器阵列融合(RISAF),一个在EKF预测步骤前的预处理框架,结合动态百分位门控与实时偏置跟踪。该聚合方法抑制异常传感器读数并补偿单个传感器漂移,同时保留车辆级运动信号。由于融合后的惯性测量被输入标准EKF,导航滤波器保持最小状态向量,支持实时执行。我们在无GNSS环境中的大规模仿真和真实野外测试中评估RISAF,结果表明,相比基线平均传感器读数的方法,RISAF显著提升航向精度并减少漂移积累。这些结果证明,对大规模MEMS惯性阵列进行鲁棒融合,可大幅缩小低成本硬件与战术级惯性导航性能之间的差距。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We propose a robust Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) architecture for land navigation using an array of hundreds of low-cost micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensors. The main challenges in this setting are bursty sensor-specific bias errors, bias drift, and the need to aggregate many inertial measurements without increasing the computational burden of the navigation filter. To address these challenges, we introduce Robust Inertial Sensor Array Fusion (RISAF), a pre-filtering framework that combines dynamic percentile gating with real-time bias tracking before the EKF prediction step. The proposed aggregation suppresses anomalous sensor readings and compensates for individual sensor drift while preserving the vehicle-level kinematic signal. Because the resulting fused inertial measurements are passed to a standard EKF, the navigation filter retains a minimal state vector and supports real-time execution. We evaluate RISAF through extensive simulations and real-world field tests in GNSS-denied environments, with the data provided as supplementary material. Compared with a baseline that averages the sensor readings, RISAF achieves substantially improved azimuth accuracy and reduced drift accumulation. These results demonstrate that robust fusion of large MEMS inertial arrays can bridge a substantial part of the gap between cost-effective hardware and tactical-grade inertial navigation performance.

惯性导航传感器融合卡尔曼滤波低成本硬件

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