arXiv:2606.29328cs.IRcs.AI2026-06

针对复杂问题,用多维度需求优化选上下文,提升问答准确率。

Covering the Unseen: Information Demand Coverage Optimization for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

论文配图:Covering the Unseen: Information Demand Coverage Optimization for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过生成多个子问题构建需求分布,用距离度量选择覆盖全面的上下文。
  • 在6个基准上提升准确率6.5到9.7点,优于主流方法。
  • 无需训练、不依赖检索模型,适合复杂问答场景使用。

检索增强生成(RAG)通常将上下文选择视为单个查询嵌入下的段落排序。这一假设在复杂查询(如多跳或模糊问题)下失效,因top-k选择常过度覆盖某一语义方面而忽略关键子问题。本文提出GeoRAG,将上下文选择重构为信息需求覆盖优化。GeoRAG通过多样化子问题生成和反向验证加权构建多维需求分布,并通过最小化需求分布与所选上下文覆盖间的Sinkhorn-Wasserstein距离进行选择。由此产生的需求加权设施选址目标具有单调亚模性,提供1−1/e的贪心保证,我们通过Sinkhorn-based边际增益代理近似求解。该方法无监督、免训练、与检索器无关。进一步表明,单点查询距离评分无法覆盖多模态需求,揭示了基于排序选择的结构性局限。在六个开放域问答基准上,GeoRAG相比top-k截断提升精确匹配(EM)6.5至7.5点(在HotpotQA和ASQA上最高达9.7点),优于MMR、DPP、BGE-Reranker、SMART-RAG和AdaGReS等强基线,且在不同上下文预算和子问题生成器下保持稳定优势。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) typically treats context selection as ranking chunks against a single query embedding. This assumption breaks down for complex queries, such as multi-hop or ambiguous questions, where top-k selection tends to over-cover one semantic aspect while ignoring critical sub-questions. We propose GeoRAG, which recasts context selection as Information Demand Coverage Optimization. GeoRAG builds a multi-dimensional demand distribution through diverse sub-query generation and reverse-validation weighting, then selects context by minimizing the Sinkhorn-Wasserstein distance between this demand distribution and the coverage of the selected set. The resulting demand-weighted facility-location objective is monotone submodular, giving a $1-1/e$ greedy guarantee, which we approximate with a Sinkhorn-based marginal-gain surrogate. The method is unsupervised, training-free, and retrieval-agnostic. We further show that single-point, query-proximity scorers cannot cover multi-modal demands, exposing a structural limit of ranking-based selection. On six open-domain QA benchmarks, GeoRAG improves exact match (EM) by +6.5 to +7.5 points over top-k truncation (up to +9.7 on HotpotQA and ASQA) and outperforms strong baselines including MMR, DPP, BGE-Reranker, SMART-RAG, and AdaGReS, with stable gains across context budgets and sub-query generators.

RAG信息覆盖多跳问答上下文选择

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