arXiv:2606.29589cs.SDphysics.app-ph2026-06

开源声学无人机检测系统,揭示数据泄露问题并提供可复现方案

EchoHawk: A Reproducible Acoustic Pipeline for Drone Detection, Classification, and Direction-Finding, with a Cautionary Study of Session-Level Data Leakage

论文配图:EchoHawk: A Reproducible Acoustic Pipeline for Drone Detection, Classification, and Direction-Finding, with a Cautionary Study of Session-Level Data Leakage
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于旋翼谐波与麦克风阵列实现无人机检测与定位
  • 发现公开数据集存在会话级数据泄露,导致性能虚高
  • 提供可复现代码和合成数据生成器,适合安防与信号处理研究者

被动声学感知是反无人机防御的有力手段,具有隐蔽、低成本、对小雷达截面或低发射信号的无人机有效等优势。本文提出 EchoHawk,一个完全开源且可复现的参考管道,通过旋翼谐波检测无人机,估计桨叶通过频率,并利用麦克风阵列结合宽带波束成形(延迟求和、MVDR、MUSIC)和时延处理(GCC-PHAT、SRP-PHAT)进行定位,再配合时间跟踪。在物理透明的合成基准上测试,该基准将无人机与低频谐波干扰源(如地面车辆)对比;同时在真实录音上评估。核心方法贡献在于揭示了常用公开数据集中存在的会话级数据泄露:因录音被预分割为短片段,若按片段划分训练/测试集,会导致同一连续录音的相邻片段同时出现在训练和测试集中,人为抬高性能。强制按录音会话分组交叉验证后,随机森林基线在1%误报率下的检测概率从0.796降至0.745,获得更可信结果。所有代码、图表及合成数据生成器均已发布,确保结果可复现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Passive acoustic sensing is an attractive modality for counter-unmanned aerial system (counter-UAS) defence: it is covert, low-cost, and effective against drones with small radar cross-sections or minimal radio emissions. We present EchoHawk, an open and fully reproducible reference pipeline that detects a drone from its rotor harmonics, estimates its blade-passing frequency, and localises it with a microphone array via classical wideband beamforming (delay-and-sum, MVDR, MUSIC) and time-delay processing (GCC-PHAT, SRP-PHAT), followed by temporal tracking. We evaluate the system on a physically transparent synthetic benchmark that pits drones against hard low-frequency harmonic confusers, such as ground vehicles, and on real recorded audio. Our central methodological contribution is a documented case of session-level data leakage in a widely used public dataset: because its recordings are pre-segmented into short clips, naive clip-level splits place adjacent slices of the same continuous recording in both training and test sets, inflating reported performance. Enforcing recording-session-grouped cross-validation reduces, for example, a random-forest baseline's detection probability at a 1% false-alarm rate from 0.796 to 0.745, yielding honest numbers. All code, figures, and a synthetic data generator are released so that every result runs without any download.

无人机检测声学传感数据泄露可复现

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